2 5 1 change keys

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lawnranger
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2011/11/05 18:07:40 (permalink)

2 5 1 change keys

Been playing around with 2 5 1 progression, nice and jazzy having fun. I do have a question tho. When I hear jazz compositions, they are changing keys. Is there any method to the changes? For instance if they are playing in D, what are they switching to? Are there some common key changes? Any help would be appreciated.

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    timidi
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/05 18:57:40 (permalink)

    There is no plug in as far as I know:)
    circle of fifths is sorta common maybe. 
    you could turn the 1 to a 17 and go to the appropriate progression.
    ie:
    dm g7 c7, gm c7 f7, cm f7 Bb7, etc
    or for your D prog I'd go em a7 d, gm c7 f. not for any particular reason. just what I thought of.

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    #2
    Guitarhacker
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/05 21:24:40 (permalink)
    In jazz, there are no rules. 

    I assume you are talking about the 2m 5M 1M progression.  In C for example ... Dm-G-C


    So in jazz, all you do is look at the related chords, and relative major/minors,   C/Am  G/Em  and so on... add 7th, diminished, augmented, 9th, 13th, and what ever other chord inversion you wish. Most often what sounds like a totally different chord is simply a derivative of the progression root chords. 

    So instead of playing a Cmaj.... maybe an Am7 or Am9 would sound better.... or a C7b9... this is where it really helps to know chords, and lots of them.

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    Rus W
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/05 23:20:46 (permalink)
    Yeah, jazz music does what is called embellishment; however, it's a misconceived notion that such chords only exist in and for the genre.

    Heck, folks spaz when I put up chord/leadsheets when what I do is genres other than that one. Having said that, there are no rules for any genre.

    I've done "standard progressions." If anyone has heard my tracks - particularly, "Creamy Cashews," knows I've got some - what most would call weird chords if I were to spell them out and/or attach figured bass (which gets very complicated going past a ninth-chord)

    However, those people have also said that I know my stuff and well, they aren't wrong. As a courtesy, I do try to simplify the chords. The chord/alt bass variety.


    This progression:

    C7#5b9, Fm9, Bb7#5#9, Bb7#5b9, EbMaj9

    Is no different than this one:

    Bbm7b5/C, AbMaj7/F, E11/Bb, Abm7/Bb, Gm7/Eb

    The arranging of the notes is just different. 

    The bottom progression is alot less "jazzy", however, they're still the same chords as only the intervals are closer together. That isn't to say you can't write those kinds of chords.

    When it comes to progressions relative to the key though - given the above example, I'd rather go:

    VI-ii-V-V-I as opposed to v-IV-I-iv-iii (disregarding accidentals)

    As you can see, my obvious preference ending with some sort of cadence (Usually authentic) Not that the latter isn't one, but it certainly is an odd one. And I do know all songs do not end with strong cadences; however, even if it's a plagal or half-cadence, I feel that the song has ended. (Blossoms has a half-cadence; (V-V) Cashews may have one - not sure) Getting Over You has an Authentic one, (V-I), but how it's reached is what makes it unique. 

    In F: I-vi-iii7-ii7-V7; I-vi-ii7-V7; V9sus-V7b9-IMaj9. The bolded chord is the "pivot chord," as one would think that after playing the V7, I'd go back to the I; however, looking at the last three, where'd I end up (key)? (One can follow because the melody follows with its "pivot note," as it fits both the pivot chord and the immediate subsequent one.)

    Peaceful Slumber has "weird" chords as well; yet, they have been inverted accordingly to fit the genre. It's got the wntire span of intervals from triads to 13ths - okay. altered 11ths - but you wouldn't think so hearing it!


    Most major songs begin with this progression or repeat it through out: I-iii(IMaj7)-IV(ii7)-V(V7) or this one: I-vi-IV(ii7)-V(V7) ending up with some kind of cadence (Authentic or Plagal: V-I or VI-I)

    Of course, minor keys have theirs as well. i-V-VI-III(v7)-VII-i (The "Dido" progression - see Thank You by her (and Stan by Eminem)

    While collaborating I suggested the stronger progression, although the one I heard works just fine with the song in the relative minor; however, one can still get hard cadences as well. As I said, it's just my preference. (a: i-iv(VI)-V7#5-iMaj7-i)

    And GH is right about derivatives which confuses people who only hear, but not see what's played.

    If you heard a Cm7 (first inversion); you'd think it was an Eb6 in root position if you knew what Eb6 looked like. Or, not knowing the difference between a half-diminished (m7b5) in first inversion from a minor six (m6) in root position. (Am7b5, Cm6)

    To show you what these chords look like:

    Cm7 = C, Eb, G, Bb; Eb6 = Eb, G, Bb, C

    Am7b5 = A, C, Eb, G; Cm6 = C, Eb, G, A

    Am7 (first inversion) = C6 (root position) A, C, E, G; C, E, G, A

    It starts to get ugly when you invert diminished 7ths (F, Ab, B, Ddim7) (4 different names; eight if you include each en-harmonic equivalent) Do you really want to see this?

    From there, 9-13ths and this is with nothing altered! Quite nasty, I tell you! Nasty!!

    I may have told you my writing style; however, try to play "weird chords" (close altered, non-altered 9/11ths) in not-so weird genres (pop) and vice-versa (close 7ths in jazz) and hear how different the same song sounds. You'll find if arranged correctly, that they don't sound so weird. Of course, looking at them may be a different story altogether. I should know as I write such! (C9b5 = what? EbmMaj7/C = okay - provided they know what a mMaj7 is.)



    post edited by Rus W - 2011/11/06 17:49:45

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    #4
    Myuzishin
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/06 18:18:11 (permalink)
    Pick one note in the chord your changing from and find other chords that contains that note. For instance, I like to use the 3rd as a pivot point, so if my progression ends on a Major chord (i.e., A), I'll see what happens when I take that Major 3rd note (C#) and make it the minor 3rd (Bb) in my new chord (which would be Bbm). Also useful for 7ths, etc, and you can mix em (5th note becomes maj7th, etc). When you find a change you like, see where it takes you. The fun part is getting back!


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    timidi
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/06 20:17:11 (permalink)
    I think I'm pretty lost as to what the OP is asking. Pretty open ended question. Since he's not participating in the thread, it's all pretty irrelevant. 

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    agape
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/06 20:55:38 (permalink)
    Funny, I was just going to ask a similar question. What standard jumps or segways do you use to change keys beyond the normal half or whole step up? I use a minor third up and then back down alot but looking for similar ways to change keys without getting static or just plain weird to keep it fresh.
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    StevenMikel
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/06 21:36:31 (permalink)
     Maybe what the op means by "changing keys" is this, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_(music) A good example of key modulation in rock music is Layla.
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    Rus W
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/06 22:17:44 (permalink)
    timidi


    I think I'm pretty lost as to what the OP is asking. Pretty open ended question. Since he's not participating in the thread, it's all pretty irrelevant. 
    The OP probably hasn't gotten around to reading the replies. I think hat the OP is asking is how do you know what key the composition is going to and how to get there.


    He may be a little timid with all the theory speak (from me mostly!)


    Short answer: Learn the scale degrees if you do nothing else as that is where the chord progressions come from.


    For instance: he mentioned messing around with the 2-5-1. First thing, he missed noting was the quality because key quality makes a difference as I have explained before.


    I take it that with such progression though he perhaps missed a chord (vi) the song is in a major key (I-vi-ii-V). This very easily takes you back to the one; however, when it comes to mod and demodulation, different routes can and are taken.


    V-I is the most common - being that the V has been altered (in pitch) to fit the new key:


    Two phrases In C: I-iii-IV(ii7)-V7; I-iii-IV(ii7)-V7 (Phrase two is the modulation whether any to all of the second phrase is altered. Here, at least the last two chords will go up (or down) in pitch - C-Db(C#) C-B(Cb)


    "Pivot Chords" as I and someone else mentioned. Which again is where notes fit both chords


     (In F: V7-III9sus-III7b9; C, E, G, Bb; A, E, G, B, D; A, E, G, Bb, Db) This progression takes you from F down to D. C7 being the "pivot." (The melody helps here, too.)


    Having said this, modulations and its counter can consist of jumps; 2nds, 3rds, 4ths, 5ths (often "stretching it" for listeners).


    T-midi - this thread may be useless to the OP (which I doubt), but it could be useful to someone else. (I wasn't implying you were being snarky although I may not be too far off.)
    post edited by Rus W - 2011/11/07 19:17:25

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    lawnranger
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 00:12:03 (permalink)
    Hey, thanks alot for all the info. Lots to absorb for sure. I think the answer that pointed me in the direction of modulation will be very beneficial. That and the tip on using the 3rd as a pivot point. Yup, just checked the messages just now, busy weekend here trying to enjoy the weather and my girlfriend. Thanks again!

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    lawnranger
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 00:18:26 (permalink)
    Further clarification of what I am playing when I say 2 - 5 - 1 It is Dm7, G7, CMaj7.

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    codamedia
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 08:45:39 (permalink)
    lawnranger


    Further clarification of what I am playing when I say 2 - 5 - 1 It is Dm7, G7, CMaj7.
    Minors and Majors can be swapped, and many are reluctant to do it. It might sound strange at first, but often that is the subtle difference between genres of music.
     
    For instance, your progression above is quite common in Jazz, but to turn it into Western Swing make two small changes. Turn the D into a dominant 7th, and change the 1 chord to a 6th.  D7, G7, C6

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    Houndawg
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 08:52:21 (permalink)
    This brings back fond memories of the ongoing "great debate" at Grove School of Music (Studio City, CA) in the late 80's among faculty members and students. The debate was centered around if all modern music ("western / popular") had its roots in the 2-5-1 progression or 1-4-5. It was a rather jazz oriented school, and I recall 2-5-1 winning the argument most of the time. In fact, I seem to recall the school's founder, Dick Grove, had a license plate on his car that read "II V I".
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    Rus W
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 17:56:42 (permalink)
    You can do a 2-5-1 in western music as well. (Pop, etc.) The thing is, the ii is often subsituted with the IV due to having common notes. [Dm(7)-F: D, F, A, C; F, A, C)]

    ii(IV)-V-I (whether it's a triad, 7 or 9 and/or their variants)

    2001 A Space Oddesy sees this:

    C-C-C-C-Cm (I-i)

    C-C-C-G7#5-C (I-V-I)

    C-C-C

    C-F F-Fm6-C (I-IV-I)

    Am-G-C (vi-V-I)

    (Toss in the substitutes)

    C-C-C-G7#5-Cm (I-V7-i)

    C-C-C-C-F (I-IV)

    F-Fm6-C (IV-I)

    F(Dm)-G-C (IV(ii)-V-I)


    Notice how the ii, vi, IV all fit the final progression.

    post edited by Rus W - 2011/11/07 18:06:32

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    StevenMikel
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 18:51:01 (permalink)
    This is a interesting thread and has me trying to remember what I learned in music theory.Rus W is doing a good job of explaining some of this.Here is how I understand this:
    In the key of A major(a,b,c#,d,e,f#,g#,a) ii,V,I is
    Bm(b,d,f#) 7th/9th(a,c#)
    E (e,g#,b)              (d,f#)
    A (a,c#,e)              (g#,b)
    In the fey of E major IV,V,I is this
    A (a,c#,e) 7th/9th (g#,b)
    B (b,d#,f#)            (a,c#)
    E (e,g#,b)              (d#,f#)

    There are alot of common notes and chords in both keys that lend themselves to substitution and could lead to modulating from one key to the other and back.
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    Rus W
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    Re:2 5 1 change keys 2011/11/07 20:31:33 (permalink)
    StevenMikel


    This is a interesting thread and has me trying to remember what I learned in music theory.Rus W is doing a good job of explaining some of this.Here is how I understand this:
    In the key of A major(a,b,c#,d,e,f#,g#,a) ii,V,I is
    Bm(b,d,f#) 7th/9th(a,c#)
    E (e,g#,b)              (d,f#)
    A (a,c#,e)              (g#,b)
    In the fey of E major IV,V,I is this
    A (a,c#,e) 7th/9th (g#,b)
    B (b,d#,f#)            (a,c#)
    E (e,g#,b)              (d#,f#)

    There are alot of common notes and chords in both keys that lend themselves to substitution and could lead to modulating from one key to the other and back.




    Additionally, it's not just with changing keys, but passing through keys. (Christmas Time Is Here (which I have arranged) sees this.


    It starts off on the I (key), but goes to the VI (key), then retreats back to the I by use of those "pivot chords." 

    In the case of my arrangement:


    To get from Eb to C (I-VI), IIIs (pivots) are used which become Vs in the passing VI key. Then, to go back from VI-I (keys) iii7 is my "reverse pivot" starting the progression (digression) back to the I (chord + key)

    Home key Eb:

    IMaj9-16-bVII7b9#11
    IMaj9-16-bVII7b9#11
    #iv7b5-iv6-iii7-#ii9
    ii7-V7sus-V7b9-IMaj7

    VI7b9#11-ii9-V7#5#9-V7#5b9

    IMaj9-16-bVII7b9#11
    IMaj9-16-bVII7b9#11
    #iv7b5-VII6/b9-iii7-VI6/b9
    ii7-V7sus-V7b9-IMaj7


    ii7-ii-III13-III7#5#9-III7#5b9 (these become iis, IIIs and Vs - your pivot phrase)

    Passing key C:

    IMaj9-I6-iv7-V7b9-(III7#5b9)
    IMaj9-(bII9)-IMaj9 (V6/I)-(#IV9)- ivm9-II7b9 (II7b9) (Reverse pivot chord)

    Returning to home key:

    iii7-iv7-iiim7-bVII9-VI9sus-IV6/b9
    ii7- V7sus-V7b5-V7-V7b9 (The 2-5-1 you spoke about. The I is obvious which is why it wasn't written)

    Click the first link in my signature to hear how this flows. (It's the first song)

    post edited by Rus W - 2011/11/09 05:04:14

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