won't that disconnect me from the network in addition to disabling the internet?
Yes it is just like unplugging the cable.
The most straighforward way to do this on a single machine is to make it so that the machine does not see the cable modem which is probably serving up a temporary IP addres to your router which is acting as a DHCP server to give your local machine an IP address. The answer is to set up the machine with a static IP address and disable the local gateway and DHCP service.
In the start buton search box type cmd.
At the command prompt in the window that appears type "ipconfig" no quotes. The response gives you the current IP (IPV4) address, subnet mask and default gateway currently assigned to your computer . Write these down,and exit the command window.
Type "network connection" into the start menu search box.
Click the properties button in the next window.
Double click local area connection in the window that appears.
Double-click Network Connections, and then Local Area Connection.
In the Local Area Connection Status dialog box that appears, click Properties.
Click to highlight the words Internet Protocol [TCP/IP] (do not remove the check in the check box), and then click the Properties button.
Select the radio button for Use the following IP Address, and enter the IP address of your computer. It might be wise to change the last three digits of that code to something lager than the number of computers on your network to prevent a conflict if you try to connect another computer automaticlly. So if your computer came up in ipconfig as 192.168.0.100 changing it to 192.168.0.120.
Enter the code that you wrote down for the "Subnet Mask" field.
Click the "use the following DNS server button".
Make the "Default Gateway" field, empty by deleting anything that is there.
Make the "Preferred DNS Server" field and the "Alternate DNS Server" field, blank by deleting the information that is there.
You can achieve a more nuanced effect by blocking the internet via the firewall in Windows or the one in your router. So if you wanted to leave access available to the Windows update site for example but block everything else that is possible, but more complicated.