There's no concrete rule and I do agree with the suggestion of imagining live performance; however, just because something is sitting on one side of the stage, doesn't necessarily mean you'll hear it from that side. (ie: Guitar on left side of stage, but going into my right ear for it's coming out of the right monitor. (Of course, that would depend on where they are placed and your proximity to them.)
I was at a function yesterday, and sat near a monitor near my left ear, but the monitor was angled away from where I was sitting and the sounds' sources were from different places.
Band was on the right, choir was middle-right, but I heard everything from the left monitor. Same could be said if I were on the right and they were left, middle left.
Of course, this is with being plugged in as opposed to not; however, the live stage visual helps as you can get "stereo panning" (if desired) which is effective in its own right.
Hard panning is effective if you want instruments to stand-out as pushing them towards the center blends them in with the other ones. (Rhythm guitars see this kind of panning frequently)
This also with when instruments are layered, but you still want to distinguish what is what.
Two electric guitars are playing the same passage, but I won't know it's two unless they're spread out. Not widely-spread necessarily, but generally the are. (ie: an electric/acoustic, electric/acoustic either or both with chorus applied, etc ...)
Layered bass tracks (Any trance/techno) sees a "thin" bass track/instrument doubled and hard panned underneath of the "thick" one to produce the desired effect.
As the OP said, panning does make a piece sound better since what's playing can be distinguished and those with casual ears can't tell the difference between Center and Wide Stereo although the difference is quite distinguishable.
It's akin to the Chorus effect which makes the instrument wide (or fat) as if there are many of the same playing at once (each slightly out-of-tune vs. the original signal)
It's kind of neat when you double a track panning it out, then muting one of them or throwing in a Pan Delay. Messes with your ears which can be a good or bad thing depending on how it used.
Someone suggested spreading the instruments out on my tracks and I just enjoy this little technique!
post edited by Rus W - 2011/10/18 01:47:49