FWIW, it's also possible to achieve what you want without exporting/importing colors or using the Theme Editor.
To change the clip background color:Select the clip, hit SHIFT+I (this will open Clip Properties Inspector), then edit the "Background" color.
However, any new clip you record will still have the default black background.
To change Clips pane background colors (this only seems to be applicable to Mercury theme):Go to Edit -> Preferences -> Customization -> Colors, then select "Clips Pane" from the drop-down and edit the colors for "View Background (even)" and "View Background (odd)".