Starting with the D release it quit happening automatically when drag and dropping a MIDI loop from a VST (like Addictive Drums 2) onto a MIDI track and then double clicking the MIDI loop to open the PRV.  Builds before then it was 100% reproducible for me.  Now it still happens but is much harder to pin down the exact events. 
 
In every case changing the vertical zoom fixes the problem.  It is so bad that I now pretty much just automatically hit the plus sign on the vertical zoom when ever I open a piano roll view (which is often) so I don't find myself confused by the disconnect between the visible keys and the MIDI rows on the right.
 
I've given up hope any of the PRV bugs will ever be tracked down and fixed.
 

It's interesting to me that this is an old issue. Because I'd never seen it up until about a week ago. Which made me think it might be related to the new update. But obviously, it's not that, and rather some peculiar set of factors that makes it happen.

Keith Albright [Cakewalk]
Please submit an example of this, also let us know if you find a specific recipe as to when it occurs.
Keith

I am not sure if this is related, but TremoJem stumbled upon something very similar. I will shoot you a PM, as that recipe works.

Has anyone found steps to reproduce (or permanently prevent) this bug?

I remember this happening but have not seen it in many updates. I presume it was addressed sInce others have not mentioned it sInce last year. It seems unlikely that it is related to your black/white note reversal thread Tripecac. Personally I find it is better just to stick to one thread that describes your problem specifically rather than muddying the waters. If no one responds with the same issue, it is likely local to your daw. I would start troubeshooting there. IIRC you have been experiencing the issue for some tIme. Do you have any regular sizing or scaling set up in windows? Try resetting your fonts/destop sizing/theme. Other than that, as someone mentioned in the other thread, trying a different graphics card is worth a shot.
 
Good luck!

I work in the PRV 50% of the time and have not been able to reproduce this issue.
I have however on occasion been dragging notes vertical and the keyboard reads a different note (a semi tone a way)
just for a brief moment.
 
but I know the notes on the keyboard very well, thus am aware of where the notes land so its not really a problem.