I was looking at these pictures in US-16x08 reference manual. I do not know what other users think about it (I am not pro musician), for me the only page which explain how it works is 31 with signals schematic. But even that part does not answer on my questions.
For (a): page 23 (8 - Application Guide) mention "Line US-16x08" output. I have no found any other place which mention it, including schematics. Where it goes? Can it work in parallel with ASIO mode?
For (b): it is more or less clear now, only hardware control for Main and Phones, except "Fader" after "ST BUS" before "Meters" on page 31. Is it in software?
In general, it looks like the whole unit is not for me. It has all "features" I do not like:
1) either monitors and phones have the same source or monitor will have no hardware level adjustment (in my noob practice I periodically want them different)
2) it has 2 bus only (1 stereo) mixer, the mixer works with hardware inputs only (no SW return)
3) all DAW outputs have no in unit level adjustment, they go directly to ST bus and can be routed directly to some outputs (stand alone software instruments can be "too loud" since they normally do not have persistent output volume control, the only strait forward solution to use channels 1/2 clash with the problem (1)).
3) looping output to input is not going to help with (2) since all outputs are unavoidably routed to the only stereo bus (am I wrong here?)
By comparison, Audiphile (4x6 when counting spdif) has (may be just in software, but I do not care) 8 buses, freely routable with volume adjustment, including software returns. One encoder can be switched to control in/out/aux/return. Phones can be switched (in software) to any from 4 bus pairs (between 2 with hardware button) and have separate encoder.
I repeat, I am no way claiming US is bad. It just does not have features I like.