Thanks, tenfoot, that's a good explanation.
The frozen track was generated from the MIDI track, and it should play identically. And it did! But after unfreezing, the MIDI track follows the new Tempo Map, as you said. The MIDI was originally reference to 100 bpm, and now it's referenced to whatever tempo the piano part had. In this case it was about 80 bpm, so it was slower.
But this was a bit of a digression. What I really want to know is why AUDIO tracks apparently change timing when the Tempo Map changes (see above), even though they aren't Groove Clip looped or AudioSnapped.
I'll keep at it.