Google "Best (free) android DAW apps" or variations and there are quite a few things out there.
I have been researching this recently as well since upgrading my phone. I tried Caustic in the past, but didn't click with it, so downloaded "Walk Band" which is lauded as the counterpart to "GarageBand." Not done a lot with it yet, but it is free and has free instrument modules available. I can see capturing tracks with it, but anything editing/mixing related would be rough. On a phone, anything "DAW" gets clunky just from the tiny screen space (fat finger syndrome). This phone (LG V30) came with "HD Audio Recorder" (also free), which I have used more since most ideas can be captured vocally and that will do vocal tracks and vocal overdubbing (not tested that yet). Basically one-track, but good for capturing things on the fly (also an advantage of a phone over a tablet).
Unfortunately, the iOS market seems to have precedence on anything music-related. I have made a few purchases in the past year with free iOS support and zero support from Android... in some ways this does make sense since they are tactile apps and best suited for iPad... even on an iPhone I can see some of them being rather clunky (again, the screen space).
I can see "forced to buy an iPad" somewhere in my future