I have an UM_One, Alesis SR-16 and a SoundCanvas SC-55, both are playing the drums even tho I have the SR-16 set for channel 10. Why is the SC-55 playing? And how do I get channel 10 to only play on the SR-16?

The SC-55 is a multi-timbral synth that is going to respond to channel 10 messages by playing drum sounds by default. Without knowing your hardware MIDI/Audio routing and project setup, I'll take a SWAG that the problem is that the modules are daisy-chained on a single MIDI port, and you're direct-monitoring their outputs so you can'mute the audio from the SC-55 in SONAR. And even if you could, that wouldn't really be a viable solution if you want to hear/record the output of the SC-55's other instruments along with drums from the SR-16.
 
If that's right, the best way of resolving this if you don't have multiple MIDI Outs available will be to disable channel 10 in the SC-55 if that's possible.

It would help if you would explicate the physical and logical routing of your Sonar tracks (what are the channels and inputs and outputs of which MIDI tracks), your interface and your sound modules. As a general observation if both modules are responding to channel 10 (drums) then it is because both are receiving MIDI messages over channel 10.

The SR16 has a setting that allows it to send out midi note data or not, when triggered. I would suggest you turn that off so that it only receives notes and does not transmit them.

ASUS M32AD i3-4160 CPU 8GB Windows 10 Home x64
UM ONE Roland USB Midi interface
Alesis SR-16 (UM-ONE Midi IN connected, Midi OUT/THRU to SC-55)
Roland SC-55 (Midi THRU from SR-16 to MIDI IN, MIDI OUT back to UM-ONE)
Sonar X1 Producer
I have Sonar setup so Track 10 is set as the Alesis SR-16, and 1-9/11-16 Tracks set to the SC-55 (so by all means the SC-55 should not play Track 10)
I suspect that the problem is the driver from Microsoft, as I used all this previously on a Windows 7 system. Windows 10 loads only the generic 2006 driver, not the Roland driver.
The SR-16 has midi THRU enabled (so the SC-55 will play), I will try and load the old Roland UM-ONE Driver, but Windows 10 keeps reloading the generic version.
If all else fails, I can mute track 10 on the SC-55, but it was working before on the older computer, just have to love advanced technology - NOT. 

Have you tried my suggestion?

 I believe you are referring to drum in (turned on) drum out (turned off), and that is the way I have it set up. I am not aware of another setting.

carycme
 
I have Sonar setup so Track 10 is set as the Alesis SR-16, and 1-9/11-16 Tracks set to the SC-55 (so by all means the SC-55 should not play Track 10)
 
The SR-16 has midi THRU enabled (so the SC-55 will play), I will try and load the old Roland UM-ONE Driver, but Windows 10 keeps reloading the generic version.

 
This may just be a typo, but the  track number "Track 10" does not determine the MIDI channel of track 10. Track numbers are just a Sonar internal representation. Do you mean you have the Alessis set up as the output to a MIDI track that is set to channel 10?
 
On most devices, a MIDI through sends the entire MIDI stream through unchanged and only interprets the channel it is set to respond to.  It does not filter out the channel that the device is set to respond to. So if the Alesis is responding to channel 10 so will anything downstream that is also set to respond to channel 10. In other words no matter what the Alesis is set to respond to, the downstream SC-55 is going to receive all the channels being sent to the physical Alesis MIDI in. If you do not want the downstream device to respond to channel 10, you will have to set it not to respond to that channel when it receives MIDI.
 

 Yes, my bad. I meant channel, as I have the tracks and channels all set to the same numbers, Track 1 = Channel 1.
 I'm not quite sure how to set the SC-55 to not respond to Channel 10, other than muting. As stated before, Windows XP (or maybe 7), worked fine as the Roland USB driver (from 2010) was installed. Windows 10 only loaded the generic USB (2006) driver.
 

You can mute only channel 10 on the SC55 by following the Part Mute instructions on page 25 of the manual to mute "part 10":
http://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-55_OM.pdf
 
They use the cute term "part" instead of the standard term MIDI channel, and mute when they mean not respond to a channel. I am confused about how this could have worked otherwise using any driver for the Sound Canvas in this daisy chain configuration. The UM-1 offers no MIDI control and just acts as a USB <--> MIDI convertor according to the manual. Are you sure you did not have the SC-55 as the first link in the chain when it was working? That would certainly be my choice of routing in this situation. The drum machine uses a nonstandard THRU by merging the MIDI in coming into the Alesis with the drum machine MIDI out which can include a MIDI stream generated in the drum machine, so that the downstream unit is potentially getting something more/different than the MIDI that was sent to the drum machine.