I'm looking for a control that I can turn or slide with the mouse that I can assign to velocity and adjust the velocity with it till I find what I'm looking for AND know what the value of what I find is.
Ignoring everything else for the moment (not having read it all yet), the answer to this is the Vel+ (velocity offset) control in the track header. It's a nondestructive offset that is added (negative values subtract) to the event velocities on playback. You can use the control directly or automate it with a velocity offset envelope.
Another thing you can do is create a track of 127 events at regular intervals, scale the velocities from 1 to 127, and freeze it to see and hear what every hit sounds like, where the samples switch, and what the overall curve looks like. I use this technique regularly when building SFZ instruments or analyzing a synth to see how well it's put together, or to investigate what's going on with a problematic patch (like the wood block sound in BFD Eco that actually gets quieter at the top of the velocity range).