I've got a Volca Beats and SQ 1.
Sometimes i'm using Ableton Live as rewire device to make loops and sync it with my devices (because of wonderful warping and possibilites with midi recording).
 
https://help.ableton.com/hc/en-us/articles/209071149-Synchronizing-Live-via-MIDI
 
There's a section in HELP where we can choose midi clock type

MIDI Clock Type

The MIDI Clock Type "Song" is used to transmit the Song Position Pointer information together with the MIDI Clock, which is useful when syncing another DAW to Live. If the synced device is a drum machine or groove box that plays looped patterns, "Pattern"type is recommended instead.
 

What are the similar settings in Cakewalk to make Midi clock work with "Pattern mode"? 

I do not remember anything called "Pattern" in the MIDI specification.
In general for Cakewalk: https://www.cakewalk.com/Documentation?product=Cakewalk&language=3&help=Synchronizing.01.html
 
I guess setting "Transmit MIDI Start/Continue/Stop/Clock" to proper "MIDI Sync_Output Ports" (Sonar Preferences/Project/MIDI) (with all other options unset, so do not set SPP nor MTC) is a good starting point.