Milton
Here's how I perceive different sample rates: 44.1 = Mp3, ear buds, iTunes, iPod, average car stereos, boomboxes 96KHz = CD, good studio monitors, and above average home stereos 192KHz = audiophile home stereos (and mostly classical and HD recorded acoustic music). So the final medium and intended audience has a factor in the sample rate choice for "capture". It's similar to photography and pixels: 5 mp camera makes an excellent photo but not past a 5x7 print 8mp camera makes excellent 8x10 inch print 20mp camera makes excellent 16x20 print etc. But if one is only going to print 5x7 photos then having a 20mp camera is then a waste. My intended audience is CD and above average home stereos. But downsampling from 96 to 44.1 can let me print "any" size photo from 5x7 to 16x20 (figuratively). eg. Mp3, earbuds to higher end stereo systems. If my theory is incorrect, please enlighten me.
Sampling is nothing like photography.
At a given sample rate, if you band limit the signal to (i.e. filter out everything above) 1/2 of the sampling frequency (aka the Nyquist frequency) then the entire signal is stored in the samples -
including the part of the waveform between the samples. In the real world, the filters used for band limiting (and reconstructing the signal) will not be perfect a little bit below the Nyquist frequency.
What this means is that for sampling itself*, higher sampling rates do give "more resolution" or "better accuracy" or anything like that - they just allow for higher frequencies to be sampled. And 44.1kHz and/or 48kHz already allow for the entire frequency range of human hearing to be accounted for. Though many believe they can hear higher ultrasonic frequencies, none of them can seem to demonstrate this ultrasonic hearing ability under controlled double blind listening tests.
*Certain types of processing can benefit from a higher sampling rate, such as processing that creates higher frequencies.