i mix 24 bit files to about -22db RMS,
and about -6 to -8 for peaks.
that is an UNMASTERED final stereo bounce.
so, saying the word MASTER, DOES NOT MEAN YOU HAVE TO MAKE IT LOUD!!!
can you hear me now?!!
LOL
i could 'master' that file, by simply doing minor adjustments of eq, minor compressor tweaks with no extra gain supplied, and no brickwall limiting at all, apply dither, and have the file peak at the same peaks, with only a slightly reduced rms average due to the way i used the compressor......
but, on the other hand....
i could upload my unmastered file, according to the itunes format, and that would work just fine with their proprietary encoding,
and supposedly my unmastered file would sound just as loud as a professionally mastered file, that was super loud,
that had been dumbed down by the itunes process.
in fact, my unmastered file may sound WAY more dynamic than a professionally mastered file that had been mastered for volume.
all that said, i'd like to hear a comparison side by side,
no one has really gone there yet, as i can tell..