THis could be caused by several things.
What sound card and what driver mode are you using?
Next, do you have AUTOPUNCH turned on?
I don't think I've heard of this happening with soundcards and drivers at the root of it but a factory (built in) soundcard is the worst possible sound device to use. Knowing what you use would be very helpful.
Autopunch is designed to let you punch in and out at specific points to fix things in a track. Is it possible that somehow this is turned on by accident? If it is, the thing you are describing would be the exact symptom of the punch out point being reached in the track.
So... does it cut out at the SAME EXACT place every time? TRY THIS...... insert a new AUDIO track and set it up to record vocals. Now.... set the time line to where you normally start. Record a vocal take. Does it also stop at the same exact place? If so, check for the auto punch and turn it off then try the recording again.