Why Photoshop? Integration with Lightroom or Bridge and support for the Adobe Camera RAW/Lightroom lens/camera profiling system is one reason. And Photoshop/Lightroom have the same head start in the market as Pro Tools of course, and for the same reason. They were the best thing going at the time they were introduced, and if I'm honest I think Lightroom is pretty much unbeatable when it comes to working with a few thousand RAW images. Which even hobbyists can accumulate surprisingly quickly nowadays when it costs no more to take 100 photos than it does to take one, and almost everyone carries a camera dressed up as a phone (Adobe even provide lens profiles for iPhones and they're surprisingly decent cameras).
Third-party plugin coders usually focus on making sure their stuff works with Adobe's stuff because that's where the market is. Adobe's colour profiles are also pretty much a standard as well when it comes to reproduction work. Printers/copy houses know what they're getting and what settings will 'just work' and if they screw up there's no room for them to argue the colour profile isn't really quite what it says it is.
There's also the integration with Adobe's other design and web-building applications for those that do that kind of thing.
The Gimp's very impressive in the same way the Gnu/Linux project is and I've recommended it to quite a few people looking for an inexpensive and good photo editor over the years, but Lightroom is an absolutely killer application for photography once you get over the initial learning curve, which is at least as steep as any DAW's if not more so. And the Adobe Creative Cloud model then makes Photoshop available for not much more and they both tie into each other and Adobe's tablet/iOS apps.....
Adobe's business model has been very clever over the years, and they still add new stuff into their software, refine what it does and keep it evolving and pretty much state of the art. Rather like Cakewalk do really, only Adobe have the PT-like advantage of being the first to get their foot in the door.