Yanno... I completely overlooked another ultra obvious troubleshooting for these scenarios (and it may have been mentioned already, if so apologies for the repetition)...
Have you (or has anyone told you) to go into your Windows Control Pane > Hardware and Sound > Power Options, etc... (that is in Win7, I'm sure it's been moved in Win10 but should have similar options).
Your USB ports may be "falling asleep". In fact if you have NOT changed any settings on the system to prevent this it is almost certain that your USB ports are set to "fall asleep". Especially on a laptop.
In Win7 (sorry I have not had a chance to play with Win10 yet) you would change your entire Power Options settings to Performance or create a custom power plan. In particular you want to look in your hardware list and look for the USB entries. Set those to "Always On" or whatever the specific setting is currently called.
It could be that your USB ports are shutting down when no activity is being sent to or from the interface. This is usually fine for this like mice or external drives or whatever but with streaming audio and ASIO drivers it can wreak havoc.
Now that is my first observation after your followups.
The second is you seem to be trying to do screen cap vids and/or a live radio/video blog or whatever while possibly running games.
This indeed can cause many of the issues you are experiencing but it is a (almost) completely SEPARATE issue.
An immediate remedy to try is to simply switch driver modes in SONAR to WASAPI (or one of the other driver modes) instead of ASIO. ASIO only allows one audio device and driver to operate at once. I think you are trying to use a combination of devices (some camera mic and/or USB mic) in conjunction with the TASCAM. ASIO would not allow that. Those other driver modes will but perhaps to less desirable results (glitching, latency, etc).
HOWEVER there have been supposed improvements to the Windows audio drivers that have eased some of the problems. Based on what I've read I don't think they have surpassed ASIO yet but are improved and an effort is being made to continue improving them.
Alternatively you can use a program called Voicemeeter to act as a mixer/intermediary between multiple programs and devices and still use ASIO for your TASCAM. It is a pretty complicated subject to fully digest and implement effectively though but if you have the patience for it I created a looooooong (5 hours) video of how I set it all up so I can make screencast vids of my computer wackiness.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXEtm5_M9HI It was my first vid so don't expect gold but I cover a huuuuuge amount of concepts that I think might help you get you oriented with some of the pitfalls of what you are trying.
Also... don't use SONAR LE. See if there is a proper modern demo here on site or better yet just purchase SONAR Artist so you aren't pissing around with an outdated POS demo.
Alternatively, if you are just recording voiceover stuff then you may want to consider downloading a much simpler (and free) program called Audacity. It's certainly not as feature rich as SONAR but it's a solid program and likely easier to use for your immediate needs. I wouldn't use it for music production but it's great for just yammering into a mic and mixing together some backing tracks (like the audio from a game or whatever).
If you need more features or want to get more complex then there is also Reaper which has a fully functioning/endless usage term demo (the consumer cost is $70 which I encourage you to pay if you use it extensively but otherwise the demo works exactly like the paid version). It, however, is really very complex and difficult to learn unless you kind of know what you are doing. Plenty of vids online to explain but I find it even more difficult to understand than SONAR.
All that said... if you do drop coin on SONAR then you are essentially buying a ticket into the vast knowledge base that is this community. As you can see, if you are polite and are willing to put some elbow grease on your end you'll never exhaust the supply of free support from other users. Reaper's forum is pretty decent too but I think this place (when functioning as intended) is a better learning environment.
Just some extra thoughts.
I don't think I can help too much further so I'll wish you good luck in your adventures.