Maybe the particular jobs you are looking at are just not CPU intensive. The 12% behavior could happen if there is nothing much in the way of effects so the whole task is waiting for reading audio from disk or writing a long audio file.
In one of your examples, exporting multiple tracks may be bound by disk input and there is not much processing to be done. So it is multithreaded, but not much for each processor to do.
Normalizing a track requires disk reading and writing the whole track and very little CPU, so no multithreading would help.
Your import MP3 example is a single-threaded task by nature and is probably limited by disk I/O, not needing the CPU much for decoding. Besides waiting for the MP3 to be read from disk, there can also be a limit for writing the decoded data to disk, depending on how much buffering is available. Decoding an MP3 writes much more data than it reads. For a very large MP3, there will definitely be a disk writing limit.
In general, it's possible that the kind of jobs you are waiting for would be sped up much more by an SSD rather than more RAM or a faster CPU. If you had a slower CPU, you would see a higher utilization percentage but probably no slowdown for these jobs.
The momentary freezes etc. are most likely OS or hardware problems that need study.