If the 27" 1920x1080 is usuable (comfortable) for you,then you have a baseline to compare.
1920 / 27 = 71 dots per in. (horiz).
If you actually measured your mon's horiz width, this would be more accurate, but this is valid for a ballpark comparison.
To go to 2560 and have the screen objects remain the same size (but have more visible real estate),
2560 / 71 = 36.
So you would need a 36" monitor to keep objects the same size as now but on a larger desktop.
If you got a 27" 2560x1440 then
2560 / 27=94.
Objects would be 71/94 or 0.75 times as large on a 27" 2560x1440 (compared to 27" x1920) but on a larger desktop.
As far as touch goes, there are more variables having to do with the resolution of the touch screen.
If the two monitors being compared have a similar touch technology and resolution, you can do similar calculations to get a ballpark comparison of the usable touch resolution.