Helpful ReplySample rate conversion question.

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bapu
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2012/03/31 16:11:14 (permalink)

Sample rate conversion question.

My project is 24/44.1. I receive a track from a collaborator at 24/48.

When I import the 24/48 track I'm told a sample rate conversion is taking place.

All things being equal (i.e. WAV starts are at 0:0:0.000, Measures, Tempo and Meter are identical) would there be timing issues/movement during the conversion?

IOW if it's a drum track will it be "out of time" even the slightest from it's original version?

I'm looking for facts not speculation.
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Karyn
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 16:29:44 (permalink)
There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 16:33:29 (permalink)
Karyn


There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.


I'd notice that.....
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 16:56:56 (permalink)
Karyn


There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.


Karyn, can you explain to me what you mean by "only at the sample level"?

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:05:49 (permalink)
alexoosthoek


Karyn


There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.


Karyn, can you explain to me what you mean by "only at the sample level"?


She means the maximum error in timing will be less than 44 thousandth of second because that is the new sample rate as compared to the original of 48 thousandths of a second.

In other words it will make no noticable difference.  Or at least it shouldn't.

Look at it this way if you had one seconds worth of film shot at 24 frames per second you'd have 24 frames (which is near enough to fool the eye into thinking it is real motion).  If you cut out half the frames by picking out every other frame you have 12 frames, you'd still have to original one second of real time footage so you'd have to play it back at half the speed so you've just reduced the amount of frames (samples of the original action) but it still takes one second to view, so although it's the same footage all you will have lost is some of the fluidity of movement and it's likely to look jerky.

Look at the numbers we are dealing with here though were going from 48,000 samples (or frames if you like) to 44,100 samples in that same 1 second period.  You'd likely have to be Freddy or some alien creature to notice a difference between the two...
post edited by Jonbouy - 2012/03/31 17:29:27

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:24:31 (permalink)
Thanks Jon.

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:30:10 (permalink)
So, how would one conduct a null test of a 24/48 and a converted 24/44.1?

Or better still, if one could conduct a null test (the mechanism escapes me since a Cakewalk project can only ever be one sample rate for all tracks) would it be truly null?

Karyn, assuming a straight 1/4 note snare hit, would each hit be off relative to true 1/4 note or would the 1,000,000th hit now be considerably off. Theoretical I know but can you see what I'm getting at over a 5-10 minute song?


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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:39:34 (permalink)
alexoosthoek


Thanks Jon.


Some badly implemented conversion processes can however produce an aliasing effect which can sound unpleasant and is likely what people are hearing when they say they can hear a difference, but gladly this problem doesn't exist within Sonar.  It was quite common in some old 16 bit consumer grade sound cards however.

So the tracks will line up perfectly and still sound cool no danger...(Bapu permitting of course... )

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:41:18 (permalink)
Jonbouy


alexoosthoek


Karyn


There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.


Karyn, can you explain to me what you mean by "only at the sample level"?


She means the maximum error in timing will be less than 44 thousandth of second because that is the new sample rate as compared to the original of 48 thousandths of a second.

In other words it will make no noticable difference.  Or at least it shouldn't.

Look at it this way if you had one seconds worth of film shot at 24 frames per second you'd have 24 frames (which is near enough to fool the eye into thinking it is real motion).  If you cut out half the frames by picking out every other frame you have 12 frames, you'd still have to original one second of real time footage so you'd have to play it back at half the speed so you've just reduced the amount of frames (samples of the original action) but it still takes one second to view, so although it's the same footage all you will have lost is some of the fluidity of movement and it's likely to look jerky.

Look at the numbers we are dealing with here though were going from 48,000 samples (or frames if you like) to 44,100 samples in that same 1 second period.  You'd likely have to be Freddy or some alien creature to notice a difference between the two...


Thanks again :)

No aliens or Freddy's here

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 17:43:29 (permalink)
bapu


So, how would one conduct a null test of a 24/48 and a converted 24/44.1?

Or better still, if one could conduct a null test (the mechanism escapes me since a Cakewalk project can only ever be one sample rate for all tracks) would it be truly null?

Karyn, assuming a straight 1/4 note snare hit, would each hit be off relative to true 1/4 note or would the 1,000,000th hit now be considerably off. Theoretical I know but can you see what I'm getting at over a 5-10 minute song?


Ed per second is per second whatever way you look at it.  So if you song is 186.34521124556674222 minutes long it's still going to be the same length and all the time points along the way are going to be identical.

It likely won't null perfectly because of the altered sample rate and any aliasing will show up as Karyn said only at the sample level, but it ain't going to be fret worthy.
post edited by Jonbouy - 2012/03/31 17:49:37

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 18:10:12 (permalink)
Karyn


There will be timing errors,  but only at the sample level and thus so small (<44 thousanth second) that even you couldn't notice.

Just to clarify - the timing resolution in digital audio is far greater than the commonly assumed 1/(sampling rate). It's not just based on the sampling rate, but also the bit depth.

Karyn is of course correct that it's < 44 thousandths of a second. But for reconstructed (i.e. after the DAC) 16bit/44.1kHz audio, the number is actually closer to 60 trillionths of a second.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 18:23:23 (permalink)

the number is actually closer to 60 trillionths of a second.


So I could lose the odd grace note I usually put in here and there that is shorter than that.  I was afraid that might be the case....

So Ed aside from any technical white paper hitting your desk any time soon the consensus seems to be you ain't going to have any timing issues to worry about...

If you've captured the sound of poking Alex in the Eye with a fork that occurs at 1:23:06 on the 48,000hz original it's still going to be exactly at 1:23:06 on the 44.100hz version.
post edited by Jonbouy - 2012/03/31 18:41:29

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 18:39:25 (permalink)
Well it depends, the less loud you play (for a given bit depth) the timing resolution goes down somewhat.

So, as always, you'll want to play as loud as possible.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 18:42:46 (permalink)
drewfx1


Well it depends, the less loud you play (for a given bit depth) the timing resolution goes down somewhat.

So, as always, you'll want to play as loud as possible.


Of course.  My grace notes are louder than my accents precisely for that reason.

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 18:55:31 (permalink)
My grace notes tend to be less than graceful so volume is not a potential problem. 

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 20:30:48 (permalink)
Just to be clear: neither sample rate nor sample rate conversion affects timing. Every note will still be exactly where you left it.


All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. 

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 23:04:14 (permalink)
bitflipper


Just to be clear: neither sample rate nor sample rate conversion affects timing. Every note will still be exactly where you left it.

Then, can a null test be constructed to prove that?


I'm thinking. Take a 24/48 recorded track and export as 24/44.1, import it to a 24/44.1 project, export the as 24/44.1 and import it back to the original 24/48 project as a second track. Should be a perfect null, right?
post edited by bapu - 2012/03/31 23:33:29
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drewfx1
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 23:18:46 (permalink)
bitflipper


Just to be clear: neither sample rate nor sample rate conversion affects timing. Every note will still be exactly where you left it.
Technically it does. 

Quantization error prevents "perfect" timing. But as noted above, we are typically talking about timing resolution in terms of tens (maybe hundreds) of trillionths of a second, which from a human perception perspective is indeed ridiculously irrelevant.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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bvideo
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 23:39:35 (permalink)
If it were a perfect null, then no one would need 48K or 96 or 192, etc. ...
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 23:44:14 (permalink)
Jonbouy

Ed per second is per second whatever way you look at it.  So if you song is 186.34521124556674222 minutes long it's still going to be the same length and all the time points along the way are going to be identical. 

It likely won't null perfectly because of the altered sample rate and any aliasing will show up as Karyn said only at the sample level, but it ain't going to be fret worthy.

The first concept I now "get".


I think you're right about the second concept but I'm still hard pressed to figure out how to null test a 24/48 and 24/44.1, since my sound card and SONAR can only one or t'other but never both simultaneously. I say this because, in X1, when I import a 24/48 wav into a 24/44.1 project there is a message above the load status bar that says "sample rate conversion in process".

I believe that in 8.5.3 there was no such message. 

Although I know from experience, back in the day, that whilst having open (in 8.5.3) both a 24/48 recorded project (from someone else) and my current 24/44.1 (SONAR and sound card) I could not copy (ctrl-C) a track from the 24/48 project and copy (ctrl-V) the track into the 24/44.1 project. I was told "incompatible sample rate" and the way I could do that was to export the track as 24/44.1 from the 24/48 project and import into the 24/44.1 project. I now understand today that I could have exported the track as 24/48 and still imported into the 24/44.1 project and SONAR would have done the sample rate conversion. Same result, two ways of getting there.
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bapu
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/03/31 23:47:56 (permalink)
bvideo


If it were a perfect null, then no one would need 48K or 96 or 192, etc. ...

Yeah, I beginning to think that it would never be a perfect null. 


And, unless you're Danny Danzi or Jimmy Iovine (in his youth), none of us will ever hear a real timing issue between a converted 24/48 to 24/44.1 track.


Now, if we kept going back and forth on the same track 1,378,984.89731963871536809 times, timing issues may be audible. 


However, in the real world here for me, were talking exactly one conversion, two at the very most.
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 00:14:43 (permalink)
bapu


Jonbouy

Ed per second is per second whatever way you look at it.  So if you song is 186.34521124556674222 minutes long it's still going to be the same length and all the time points along the way are going to be identical. 

It likely won't null perfectly because of the altered sample rate and any aliasing will show up as Karyn said only at the sample level, but it ain't going to be fret worthy.

The first concept I now "get".


 I think you're right about the second concept but I'm still hard pressed to figure out how to null test a 24/48 and 24/44.1, since my sound card and SONAR can only one or t'other but never both simultaneously. 

Convert to and back and then null with the original. For 24bits, it might or might not be "perfect" depending on the SRC used. But regardless, I suspect the differences wouldn't be audible to people who listen with their ears and not their imaginations.

You see charts illustrating the effects of different SRC's here:

http://src.infinitewave.ca/

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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Noel Borthwick [Cakewalk]
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 00:29:55 (permalink)

SONAR's SRC uses a Windowed Sinc filter which is accurate to the sub-sample, so the resolution is a lot better than 1/SampleRate.
The math is all performed in double precision so the error is very small. However any SRC would never phase cancel completely.

You can read some stuff about Windowed Sinc here if you are interested in the math behind it.
https://ccrma.stanford.ed...inc_Interpolation.html

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 00:39:42 (permalink)
drewfx1


bapu


Jonbouy

Ed per second is per second whatever way you look at it.  So if you song is 186.34521124556674222 minutes long it's still going to be the same length and all the time points along the way are going to be identical. 

It likely won't null perfectly because of the altered sample rate and any aliasing will show up as Karyn said only at the sample level, but it ain't going to be fret worthy.

The first concept I now "get".


I think you're right about the second concept but I'm still hard pressed to figure out how to null test a 24/48 and 24/44.1, since my sound card and SONAR can only one or t'other but never both simultaneously. 

Convert to and back and then null with the original. For 24bits, it might or might not be "perfect" depending on the SRC used. But regardless, I suspect the differences wouldn't be audible to people who listen with their ears and not their imaginations.

You see charts illustrating the effects of different SRC's here:

http://src.infinitewave.ca/
SONAR's SRC uses a Windowed Sinc filter which is accurate to the sub-sample, so the resolution is a lot better than 1/SampleRate. 
The math is all performed in double precision so the error is very small. However any SRC would never phase cancel completely. 

You can read some stuff about Windowed Sinc here if you are interested in the math behind it. 
https://ccrma.stanford.ed...inc_Interpolation.html

Fascinating stuff[I'm still a month shy on my first year on ALL to do with digital]and need all the info I can get,thanks for the links
Bob S. 


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bitflipper
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 01:11:15 (permalink)

Then, can a null test be constructed to prove that? I'm thinking. Take a 24/48 recorded track and export as 24/44.1, import it to a 24/44.1 project, export the as 24/44.1 and import it back to the original 24/48 project as a second track. Should be a perfect null, right?

I believe you could. SONAR's sample rate conversion is among the best there is.

However, a null test wouldn't be the best way to check timing. The notes (or, more accurately the several thousand samples that make up the initial transient and therefore the onset of the note) are going to be in exactly the same place regardless of whether the two files null.


All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. 

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bapu
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 02:53:10 (permalink)
bitflipper
However, a null test wouldn't be the best way to check timing. The notes (or, more accurately the several thousand samples that make up the initial transient and therefore the onset of the note) are going to be in exactly the same place regardless of whether the two files null. 

And so it may be said that the transient timing of the converted wav will always be as accurate (in time) as it was recorded?
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 03:09:57 (permalink)
bapu


bitflipper
However, a null test wouldn't be the best way to check timing. The notes (or, more accurately the several thousand samples that make up the initial transient and therefore the onset of the note) are going to be in exactly the same place regardless of whether the two files null. 

And so it may be said that the transient timing of the converted wav will always be as accurate (in time) as it was recorded?

I'd suspect so. Now, if you have a drummer( me) that might be a different story...

The space you have will always be exceeded in direct proportion to the amount of stuff you have...Thornton's Postulate.

Bushpianos
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 04:29:03 (permalink)
bapu


bitflipper
However, a null test wouldn't be the best way to check timing. The notes (or, more accurately the several thousand samples that make up the initial transient and therefore the onset of the note) are going to be in exactly the same place regardless of whether the two files null. 

And so it may be said that the transient timing of the converted wav will always be as accurate (in time) as it was recorded?


Indeed.

That's what we've all been sayin'

If you take that simplified film analogy the sample rate would equate to frames per second (although its been establishe that the reality is even better than 1/sample rate) and the quality or resolution of each frame (or sample as termed here) is determined by the bit depth.

It is a grossly simplified analogy but it does make the idea simple to follow.  And it should indicate why a null test will not be perfect even though it will be dern close.  It's not a scenario where I'd even bother with a null test.

Having said that I've exhaustedly double blind tested myself on being able tell the difference between a 44.100 hz file and a 48,000 hz one at the same bit rate and I'm not ashamed to report my results find that I'm pretty much guessing as I clearly cannot guarantee I'm picking the right one to any significant degree.  I'm not saying some people can't they tell me they can so I believe them.

post edited by Jonbouy - 2012/04/01 04:53:12

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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 08:13:42 (permalink)
SRC in DAW's has come a long way. 
In '95 or so I had a project on DAT recorded at 48k that I wanted to convert to 44.1 so that I could burn a CD. I ripped the audio to 48K wave files and then tried to convert to 44.1 using SoundForge. Not only did it take forever to convert, but the quality was so horrendous (audible aliasing and flutter artifiacts) that I ended up doing an analog recapture of the audio!  It ended up being not too bad since the original recording was recorded on tape and just mastered to DAT so no great loss there.

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Jonbouy
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Re:Sample rate conversion question. 2012/04/01 08:52:38 (permalink)
Indeed it has and I find Sonar is a good place to get that conversion done too.

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In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves" - Banksy
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