Sonar VST latency compensation

Yes. Plug-in latency must be compensated for by adding delay to the project so tracks stay in sync. Bouncing a clip with plug-ins in the clip FX bin apply the effects and remove the plug-ins from the project.

There is no way to shift the beginning of a project to the left on the timeline, it can only be shifted to the right.

There's no "free lunch" when it comes to latency - if the engine automatically shifts clips left to push them into the processor sooner it just means starting processing sooner too, so you gain nothing. eg. One track with a 2ms processing delay could be played 2ms early, but that means that when you start playback you must also start 2ms earlier, so your other tracks are audible after 2ms - just as they would have been if they were 'shifted right'.
 
All you can do is bounce down anything that uses VSTs or VSTis that incur significant latency.

Sonar calculates latency induced by every individual plugin and compensates so that everything "lines up" perfectly on playback. In order to do this, it uses a buffer. Say that track A has a plug on it with 25ms latency and track B is clean. It will then, on playback, start calculating track A right away but delay playing track B by 25ms. The result: everything plays back perfectly in sync. The only "problem" is that if you are playing a track live, it will get the same delay as track B in the above example, because Sonar doesn't distinguish between a recorded midi track and a live played one. This is why it is common to not use latency inducing plugins while still in the recording phase, although temporarily bypassing all plugins with "E" provides a quick fix if you don't mind the havoc it wreaks on your mix.

I'm not sure what you mean by "dynamic latency (buses/clips included)". How would latency be dynamic? Some plugins have settings that may alter their latency but they're not the kind of thing you'd want to automate. In any case, if there is any change to the latency on a track because you took out a plug you will usually need to stop/start playback to have Sonar recalculate the proper PDC.

I think it would be theoretically possible to automate something that changes latency and create a problem. It just wouldn't be a very musically useful effect (like switching an EQ from regular to phase aligned). I think this is a case of "could I create this problem?"

Sonar handles clip fx just fine btw. Many other DAWs are or were significantly worse at this. Even for ProTools PDC is a pretty recent thing. I don't see how a console could measure latency at all.