Tape Saturation: Theory

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yep
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/02 00:06:58 (permalink)
ORIGINAL: Joe Bravo

I have an old ADAT that records digital audio to analog tape (VHS) at 48kHz. It is definitely recording not fewer than 48,000 cycles per second, and it is doing it with pretty damn good accuracy.

If you think that has anything to do with recording a frequency at 40k then there's a thing called Nyquist Frequency you need to learn about.

Um, no. The ADAT is recording an ANALOG signal to magnetic tape. There is no "Nyquist Frequency" with analog. There are no samples. This is just a smooth wave of alternating current recorded as magnetic impulses. If someone wanted to transfer the ANALOG singnal imprinted on the magnetic surface of the ADAT tape to digital and do it accurately, then the Nyquist theorem states that they'd have to use a sample rate of at least 96k. There is no sensical application of the Nyquist theorem to an analog signal, because, by definition, there is no quantization in analog.


I didn't ask if you could record a 0 or 1 Hz signal. I asked what analog tape machine could record from 0 to 40k. Not a few of the signals in between. And obviously we're talking about analog signals. So lets get real.


Fair enough, but I never said that I knew of a tape machine that could do this-- I said that the medium itself was capable of it. Just as digital audio is technically capable of better fidelity than any digital recorder has ever actually achieved.

I have never used ANY analog device that had better frequency response or lower noise than even cheap consumer digital gear. But I have also never used a digital device that didn't have distortion from jitter, quantization error, and truncation error, none of which are anywhere to be found in analog gear. Maybe you think that those types of distortion are less important than any distortion in any piece of analog gear. Maybe you think (as I do), that these are tradeoffs that we make and that you're lucky to have such miniscule things to quibble over in selecting from such awesomely powerful tools as we have available today.

The main point I was trying to make (and I realize I lost the forest for the trees and failed to make it clearly) was this: all of this business of the exotic theories of ultrasonic harmonics affecting listener perception and so on were SPAWNED, or at least thrown into widespread discussion, by the percieved inadequacies of digital, which was supposed to be perfect, but was found lacking by a lot of people who are in a position to know. Prior to complaints about the "sterility" or "grittiness" or "harshness" of digital audio, nobody cared much about this stuff except for people in rarefied circles of audio expertise. Now you have sixteen-year-olds whose ears are already blown out anyway debating why the Screaming Labias sound better on vinyl. Maybe they're all idiots, but they have some experts with impeccible credentials taking their side.

Those of us who are here on these forums, and looking for ways to use inexpensive digital devices to achieve high fidelity recordings are on the cutting edge of a fuzzy and evolving science of sound transduction and reproduction.

Not so much. Digital recording hasn't changed much at all in 15-years or so.


No, it hasn't. But the discussion and theory about audio transduction has, and the focus on higher sample rates that the Nyquist theorem says don't make any difference, but that pretty much everyone agrees DO make a difference, illustrates the fact that the issue is far from being closed, or even fully understood. There are people debating WHY 192k sample rates sound different than 44.1, but nobody is seriously arguing that they DON'T sound better (or at least different), even though the Nyquist theorem tells us that they sound the same.

Theories as to why some very knowledgeable people still preferred analog abounded-- some theories were stupid, some were brilliant. ...

Actually, most of it was kind of dumb I think. Neil Young had a point back then because that was in the early days if the CD when it was still 14-bit. And as most of us older guys will recall, when the first generation of 16-bit decks came out they sounded worse than the 14-bit decks before them. Young had a legitimate gripe. After over-sampling was introduced it changed everything and most of the complainers soon stopped complaining.


Joe, I am really not trying to pick a fight here. I agree that a lot of the theories that purported to explain why digital was better or analog was better were pretty stupid. You are entitled to your opinion that the "bass bump" is why people like analog better. But I swear to you, there are a whole lot of people who would still prefer the analog even compared with a digital recording that had an identical "bass bump" dialed in.

I have no opinion on whether being able to record subsonics or supersonics is a good thing or a bad thing, or whether it even matters, and I have no opinion on whether the realtionship between higher sample rates and jitter reduction is what makes higher sample rates more pleasing to most listeners, or whether different kinds of cutoff filters are responsible for phase smear that causes "digital grit," or whether the soothing effects of tape hiss and even-order harmonic distortion are what makes somepeople like analog better. I am not even close to an expert in psychoacoustics. But I do have pretty good hearing, and pretty good "ears," as they say, and I have had the experience of hearing high-quality analog recordings that sounded, to my ears, not just more "pleasing," but also more "real" than anything I have yet heard on digital. That is to say, I have heard reproductions that overall, more accurately created the illusion of sharing the space with the source sounds.

Maybe I just never heard a good enough digital recording on a digital playback system. I fully accept that this is entirely possible. In fact I think it's probably true. I tend to suspect that we are a few years away from putting the debate entirely to bed as higher sample rates and bit depths and better converters and more stable word clock occilators continue to improve digital recording.

But the really good analog recordings that I am thinking of have an appeal that has nothing to do with "warmth" or a fuzzy "lo-fi" appeal. I am saying that they were, to my ears, the most convincing and lifelike recordings I have ever heard. Maybe, if you heard them, you'd disagree. Maybe you can "prove" that they weren't a convincing or lifelike reproduction, but I'm not sure how you'd do that.

I've got nothing against analog recording. But if I saw a guy with a studio around town advertising his studio as somehow being better for recording to tape I'd accuse him of false advertising.



I agree. Analog is different from digital. There are types of distortion that are unique to each, and inescapable in each. Just as charcoal drawings are different from watercolors, what makes one or the other a winner is how it is handled by the artist.

Cheers, Joe.
post edited by yep - 2005/08/02 00:48:32
#61
Joe Bravo
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/02 10:24:19 (permalink)
The ADAT is recording an ANALOG signal to magnetic tape.
Sorry, I was thinking DAT.

But I have also never used a digital device that didn't have distortion from jitter, quantization error, and truncation error, none of which are anywhere to be found in analog gear.

And none of which you can hear in digital recordings. Nobody can.

No, it hasn't. But the discussion and theory about audio transduction has, and the focus on higher sample rates that the Nyquist theorem says don't make any difference, but that pretty much everyone agrees DO make a difference, illustrates the fact that the issue is far from being closed, or even fully understood. There are people debating WHY 192k sample rates sound different than 44.1, but nobody is seriously arguing that they DON'T sound better (or at least different), even though the Nyquist theorem tells us that they sound the same.

Boy, I don't know where on Earth you got that info from but it just isn't true. Almost nobody bothers recording at higher resolutions than 44.1 or 48k because it just doesn't sound any different whatsoever. There's also no benefit from recording 24-bit unless your recording a symphony orchestra playing a tune with a huge amount of dynamics. That slightly better headroom spec is completely wasted on 98% of all recordings. If you've been in Internet forums at all over the years you might have seen test after test we've done showing the lack of benefits from recording at anything higher than 16/44.1 Some people record at 24-bit anyway just because they have great DAW setups that can easily handle it so they say, "What the heck." But recording higher resolutions than 48 just makes for huge files that takes forever to make any changes to and they don't sound any different so few people are silly enough to do it.

Tell ya what though, I'll be happy to test your super sense of hearing by recording a number of examples at every bitrate/resolution and allow you to tell me which is which after I've locked them in a Flash file. In fact, I'll do for you what I've done for several others and tear out 2/3 of the guts of the 16/44.1 file by taking down to a 160k wma file and then bumping it back up again, not once but twice. You still won't be able to tell that tune from the one recorded at 24/96. No one has yet. You won't be the first.

But I do have pretty good hearing, and pretty good "ears," as they say

Not if you're over 15 you don't. Your hearing is the first thing to go, and contrary to what a lot of people seem to think, being in a musical environment day in and day out only makes them worse. But I'll be back with some samples soon so you can show me how great your ears are.
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yep
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/02 12:02:36 (permalink)
Joe, I CAN hear quantization error, truncation error, and jitter. Anybody can. This is not even disputed. Lots of people are recording at higher sample rates and bit depths. If you think they're all wasting their time, and all the hubbub about higher sample rates is just psychosomatics and that aliasing and phase smear from jitter is inaudible and that digital doesn't sound stepped at low levels, then here's to ya. You've outsmarted a whole lot of big-money professionals and highfalutin experts. You can make all the samples you want to prove to your friends that sample rate and bit depth don't matter. This argument is becoming a waste of time, and I don't think anybody else on the forum is even reading it anymore. I'm sorry if I said something to offend you. I really wasn't trying to be insulting or rude.
post edited by yep - 2005/08/02 12:09:05
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Joe Bravo
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/02 15:00:57 (permalink)
Almost all the so-called experts agree with me by now. Not that it matters or that it should sway you one way or the other. It makes no difference whatsoever how many people are in agreement about a thing. Odds don't favor majorities and never have. The only argument worth persuing is a blindfold test. Either you can really hear all the things you say you can, or you can't. A blindfold test is the only way to know for sure. But I should warn you that myself, Ethan Winer, and countless others have performed these same tests scores of times, both on the web and in the flesh, and not one person has ever been able to tell the difference in any of the sound files consistently.
post edited by Joe Bravo - 2005/08/02 15:14:10
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Joe Bravo
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/03 21:18:28 (permalink)
Sound Test

I didn't have time to do this like I wanted but it might be of help. I don't want to challenge anyone on this so I posted a link to the answers too. Just challenge yourself on it and see if your hearing is all you think it is. I don't need to know.
post edited by Joe Bravo - 2005/08/03 21:40:55
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papa2004
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/04 02:31:18 (permalink)
Okay, back to the original thought of this thread...Tape Saturation: Theory

This is just my opinion so no bashing is necessary.

I'll not be supplying any scientific documentation (because it's 1a.m. and I've had a long day) but the "warmth" and "resonance" of finely tuned analog decks (and I'm not talking Fostex or Tascam) properly recorded by a competent engineer in a properly equipped studio cannot (IMO) be duplicated by a completely digital system on some tracks.

The difference between 30ips and 15ips was more than a matter of affordability...It was initially a matter of obtaining recordings with less tape hiss...Yes, there were slight freq response "plusses" on certain multiltrack 15ips tracks (such as drums and bass) but they were usually very slight, and the trade off for whatever other tracks were recorded wasn't always worth it.

Is digital a great medium? Yes! Is analog dying? Probably! I've accepted that, which is why I've moved as far as I have into the DAW realm...However, I'll always miss hearing the sound of Butch Truck's drums or Will Lee's bass pumping the Hidley monitors from an analog tape deck through an analog console...

Enough rambling, I'm retiring for the night...

Regards,
Papa

Regards,
Papa
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kiwisdontdrinktea
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/04 03:27:46 (permalink)
ORIGINAL: ohhey

If money were no object and tape was available I would track on tape and then transfer to the DAW for editing and mixing. That way I get the best of both. In fact it would be cool to sync up the tape to the DAW and track on both so you could choose later what source was best for each track.



How about tracking Digital and then bouncing to tape and back again b4 you mix. You go thru convertors 1 more time but at least you can bounce that one perfoprmance (edited if necessary).

She done stole my song - Otis Redding

http://www.beatkiwi.com
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yep
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/05 01:16:37 (permalink)
ORIGINAL: Joe Bravo

Sound Test

I didn't have time to do this like I wanted but it might be of help. I don't want to challenge anyone on this so I posted a link to the answers too. Just challenge yourself on it and see if your hearing is all you think it is. I don't need to know.


CAUTION: DO NOT READ until you've heard Joe Bravo's samples.

Hi Joe,

I really respect the fact that you decided to give the answers in advance, and, to be honest, I would have suspected the test if you hadn't, which maybe says something bad about me. I took the test, without reading the answers, and I picked A and C off the bat as my favorites, on a pair of fairly medicocre computer speakers with a cheap littel subwoofer. I had no strong preference between them, but A and C sounded better to me after two listens through to each. I checked the answers afterwards, and you have only my word that those were my picks.

It is entirely possible that this was sheer coincidence. It makes perfect sense that to think that the second go-around would be less interesting than the first, and that the third would be more interesting than the fourth. I did not listen to them in random order, as I should have. This was not even close to a scientific study.

Two things I can say:

The playing and recording is excellent on all four tracks.

All the tracks sound very good.

When I said above that I have good hearing, I mean that get my hearing tested twice every year, and it comes out good. There is no question that my hearing is attenuated at higher frequencies (I'm 30), but I can still hear 18k test tones clearly.

When I say that my EARS are pretty good, I mean a whole different thing. At age fourteen, when I set up my first studio, my HEARING was better than it is now, but I had to twist the eq 6dB or more to hear a difference. Nowadays, 3dB is an extreme eq adjustment for me, and I routinely make adjustments of .5dB or less. There was a time when I had really good HEARING, but lousy EARS, when I had a hard time hearing a cheap compressor that was knocking even 12dB off of a signal. I listen to those recordings today and they sound squishy and sucky. These days, I frequently compress by 1 or 2 dB, and I can hear it clearly. These days, I can sit in a movie theater and hear that there is a blown tweeter six rows behind me. I can listen to a radio broadcast and tell when the speaker crosses his arms. I can go to a concert and recognize a standing wave of about 100Hz near the bar. I listen to certain radio stations and all I hear is overused compression with the "auto" seeting modulating the the whole song to the bass frequencies. I was not capable of hearing these tings when I was young.

One thing I am certain of is that switching from recording at 192k to 44.1k sounds duller and less real. Nevertheless, I record at 44.1 on almost every project. Why? because it's pretty damn good. I always record at 24 bit, though,becuase I have heard the effects of quantization and truncation error, and so can you. Someday when you're bored, take a slow-decaying, digitally-recorded sound (like a cymbal tail), and turn up the very tail end of it. You can hear the "steps" and the abrupt truncation as it fades to silence. You can do this expriment with either 16 or 24-bit recrodings, but you'll have to turn the 24-bit recordings many hundreds of times louder to hear it.

All that said, almost all of my recordings are done at 44.1/24 bit. Why? because it's pretty damn good and with 24-bit I can record at low levels without worrying about low resolution or digital overs.

Cheers.
post edited by yep - 2005/08/05 01:44:10
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Joe Bravo
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RE: Tape Saturation: Theory 2005/08/05 14:22:51 (permalink)
I appreciate your honesty Yep.

Just to close out my own thoughts on this topic; I don't doubt that some, perhaps many, people like the sound of analog better than digital. I just disagree with the reason they like it. Senses in general can be deceptive things. The important thing is to get something your happy with. I was perfectly happy with Tascam open reel decks. And I never owned a Fostex oepn reel deck but I've heard some great records that were done on them. In fact, Percy Jones, recorded a terrific record on a 4-track cassette deck once. You can get something quite good down on just about anything with a little effort. And if the music's good no one will care anyway. I won't be throwing my Django Reinhardt records away anytime soon because they're hissy and have a worse frequency response than AM radio. I only care about the notes he plays and when he plays them, and any tape deck can capture that.
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