Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes FIXED
2016/02/10 13:54:27
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joey90405 hello everyone i have to thank all of you who responded to my question, i "think" i have it figured out (with your help) thanks again from cold ass chicago. jp
Welcome back. ;-) But what was the solution? Might help others. and sorry for the epic derailment. That just happens when Lanes come up.
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Kylotan
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/10 14:19:47
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Beepster 1) Actually I did find that in X2 there was a bit of arbitrary Take Lane creation and maybe even in X3 but they seem to do what I expect them to now. Maybe it's different on your system but for me essentially with each new record into a track (using Comp record mode) a new lane is created UNLESS you record further down the timeline where there is no other data on the same track (so if there is no overlap). I don't know for certain how the extra take lanes appear. I just know that I never, at any point in the song in question, either (a) recorded 15 takes of one section, or (b) explicitly asked to create new take lanes. But 15 take lanes there are (well, 12 now I deleted the empties). For you, and I am not 100% certain on this, I think if you want to force your new take into the same lane (or a desired target lane) you can use the Record Arm button on the target Lane. This is kind of the problem... we're forced to dealing with Take Lanes whether we want to or not. I don't want to have to open it up, pick a Lane, close it, start recording. I just want it to not make a ton of unnecessary ones, for whatever reason. I have no need for them 95% of the time. I'm not going to add this extra work into my flow. I've already picked the track to record to, having to pick a sub-track as well is wasting my valuable time. I don't think I've ever used that option because as you say... unless you remove something manually or create a new lane manually, there is always going to be data in an auto generated Take Lanes. Except I often delete things that I record, or undo the recording, or whatever. And the take lanes linger on. Again, I have no idea how it gets into this state, but it does, and it's a nuisance. Probably it's when I record something in one track and drag it to another track. I don't know why the old empty lanes don't always get reused. 3) Again, that would actually severely screw up my workflow. Flatten Layers totally doesn't exist anymore (and maybe it should for your style of workflow) but what you CAN do (and I do this often) is just use Flatten Comp then delete the original Lanes (well I do it a little different than that but the principle is the same). But that's exactly the problem - I'm not comping anything, and I don't want to flatten or join any of my clips. If I was, this would work fine. But I'm not. 9 times out of 10 I have a bunch of sequential clips, end-to-end, sometimes crossfaded. I don't need take lanes or layers for this at all, but I can see a usability benefit in providing me with at least 2 lanes so that I can see the full boundaries of each clip clearly. There's no usability benefit in giving me 15 lanes where 13 of them are empty at any given point in my track. 5) I actually do record section by section (especially when I'm writing... I usually rerecord full takes afterward in new tracks) and I record WAY more than 5 takes per section. I almost never record multiple takes per section. Occasionally I do it for solos, and we do it when I'm recording our vocalist. Otherwise, I almost always just record/undo/repeat until I get the section right. So I don't have anything to flatten. I just want it so that if I do have to open up the take lanes, I don't have 14 empty ones and have to scroll off the bottom to find the clip I'm working with. Arrangement is simply awkward in Sonar in general [...] Biggest problem I though I see with arrangment is the fact Sonar gets FAR too cranky splitting and moving lots of data at once Yup... I've complained about this at length in the past so I won't repeat myself here. But I do expect that my constant cut/copy/drag behaviour helps confuse the take lanes. It wasn't ideal with layers either but at least Rebuild Layers was just one click away and cleaned everything up instantly. This is why IF I decide to go into "arranger" mode I try to work with as few clips as possible. [..] After the tune is flowing how I like I lock myself into that structure and retrack the finals and polish up any MIDI programming. For me, life's too short to retrack everything. I'm learning that Sonar handles things better if I leave the crossfades to the end, at least. Fewer overlaps seems to mean fewer problems. Again I don't see the big deal about bouncing after the record part and I'm not even sure how layers would be better. Layers weren't better for MIDI in this case; this is mostly just an observation of how the layer/take lane concept metaphor doesn't work well with MIDI where there's an expectation to be able to build up the track bit by bit (which one doesn't often do with audio as you'd just be raising the noise floor). I'm not sure what you're saying here. That doesn't actually make sense. Having multiple sections of clips in a lane would not affect the soloed comps or the comping function at all. If someone said that either they don't understand what's up or it was misconstrued. I literally don't know how to respond to that. I'm saying that (a) the existing comp system expects to be able to solo one lane and mute the others - that's how Flatten Comp works. So it 'needs' to have these mute and solo options for each lane, and expects each take to be in a different lane (instead of reusing 2 lanes to minimise the vertical space). I mean, if I do Flatten Comp on 2 different sections, the second flatten will mute the Comp lane created when I flattened the first section, breaking things. In fact I can't see how this is useful unless you use one of precisely 2 workflows - either you record the whole song then comp each track, or you record a section, comp it, then move on. (And even then you probably have to move the comp to the latest comp lane since it creates a new one each time, right?) Neither of those are how I like to work - because I'm not comping! - so I get all the downsides of these assumptions with none of the upsides. I'm being asked to 'comp as I go along' despite never wanting to comp at all. It worked fine in layers, where comping was done on a per-clip basis. On the rare occasion where I might want to comp something, I can mute or isolate clips (or part of clips, at least back then) and that works fine. I can do that in a minimal number of layers too. Now, it's not exactly a disaster, I just leave Take Lanes closed and hope I never have to open it. It's just annoying that when I do have to open it, everything is a mess.
Sonar Platinum (Newburyport) / Win 8.1 64bit / Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 / Absynth / Kontakt / Play / Superior Drummer 2 / ESP LTD guitar / etc Twilight's Embrace - gothic/death metal | Other works - instrumental/soundtracks
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/10 15:12:11
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Okay... so I can't really go through and reiterate solutions or re highlight things I described but yeah... looking over your followups a lot of this is sounding like trying to force the old methods onto the new systems. I know you don't know me from Adam and probably think I simply do not know what you're talking about but seriously I'm getting a very good picture of how you are trying to work. A lot of it is how I work except I am dealing with WAY more takes. In fact I've been trying to widdle down my workflow to be more like your 1-3 takes per section (by way of doing my experimental takes in "scratch tracks" then recording my finals in fresh tracks to create a pool of "keepers"). It's actually really easy to manage lanes and sections even using the Comp flow. If I were just doing a couple takes per section it would be easy freaking peasy to slap together my stuff. Actually nothing would really need to be done at all aside from promoting the clips if they were separated all the time. I could just swipe to get rid of the splits across all takes, promote the one I want then use the OLD crop edit features (accessed with the Smart Tool in the TOP half of the clip edges). Heck... even arrangement would be easier for me. It's just too much to explain in text (but I made a good bugger of a try here and in other threads). I am now defintiely going to make an in depth vid of this all when I get a chance. I guess the thing is, Kylo, that I already described a lot of the necessary workflows, workarounds and pitfalls/defiencies but without maybe actually you seeing it in action and/or getting it under your fingertips/into your workflow I can't really explain it effectively through the forum and of course as much as I'd like to I can't retype stuff that will just get lost in the depths of the forum archives. Definitely vid worthy (and if you get a chance maybe a vid of the walls you are hitting would be helpful but please reread some of the stuff I wrote because you missed some points). The one thing I can easily address is your final rebut in regards to the Solo action of the individual Lanes. I described multiple flows I use in the original comment but... Even though we cannot solo more than one lane at a time (which is forced by the Flatten Comp procedure) what CAN be done is... 1) Unsolo the Flattened Comp Lane 2) Mute any Lanes and/or Clips that are still audible but unwanted (this can be an either/or situation... as in two ways to do it) Point is once you flatten the comp that lane does not HAVE to remain soloed and there are various options to remedy the issues of unsoloing it. I described how I do it in a few ways. It's just a little finicky with LOTS of lanes/clips. In your case, due to the very minimal number of lanes/clips per section it would take no time to mute the clips/lanes as needed. This is actually more of a PITA for a take hound like I am who has to manage dozens of takes per section and I navigate it rather quickly these days. So yeah... some of the stuff you want doesn't work and needs a feature request. Some is totally possible and actually easier but requires using the new tools/methods. Distinguishing between the two will make your recording and editing WAY easier. I swear to DOG I am not trying to be contradictory here. It's simply a complex workflow that if you fight it things only get worse. This will be my next vid I think and just hope that it helps people get the weirdo nuances of it all. I take it for granted maybe because I've simply done SOOOO much editing using it all it's second nature now. It was NOT an easy road... but it's an easy workflow. Meh. Cheers.
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olemon
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/10 16:25:51
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I've mentioned this before in other threads, but something else I do to keep from getting lost with Take Lanes and to keep myself organized is to record vocal sections of the song on different tracks. For example, if Verse 1 and Chorus 1 are best sung and recorded together, I'll have a vocal track for V1-C1 Raw. If Verse 2 and Chorus 2 are best sung separately, I'll have two more vocal tracks, V2 Raw, C2 Raw and so on. When I'm done recording vocals, I clone each of those raw vocal tracks, mute and hide the originals. I then go through the clones, auditioning the takes and assembling the vocal. Probably more work, but it works for me:)
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Kylotan
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/11 06:49:52
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☄ Helpfulby kb420 2016/02/11 16:18:25
Beepster Okay... so I can't really go through and reiterate solutions or re highlight things I described but yeah... looking over your followups a lot of this is sounding like trying to force the old methods onto the new systems. Yes, probably. The old methods worked well and were simple. The new system does not work well for me. It's actually really easy to manage lanes and sections even using the Comp flow. But that's just it... I don't want the Comp flow, and shouldn't need it because I'm not comping. That's all there is to it. There's nothing to flatten. There are no splits to remove. I just want to be able to record some audio, maybe move it to a different track, and not have Sonar create a ton of empty Take Lanes for me. It should not be too much to ask and I should not have to work around it. Even though we cannot solo more than one lane at a time (which is forced by the Flatten Comp procedure) what CAN be done is... 1) Unsolo the Flattened Comp Lane 2) Mute any Lanes and/or Clips that are still audible but unwanted (this can be an either/or situation... as in two ways to do it) Point is once you flatten the comp that lane does not HAVE to remain soloed and there are various options to remedy the issues of unsoloing it. Sure, I didn't mean to imply the problem was unrecoverable. I am just implying the system is ridiculous. Record some takes... do the comp... now fix things up, such as what happened to the lane with the previous comp, as now you have 2 separate lanes, one with the latest comp, one with the oldest one... maybe merge them, maybe stick them in a new track, maybe un-solo them and remove or mute the other clips and do this every single time... Compare to 8.5, where you'd isolate the takes you want... then you're done. If you really wanted to bounce those things to a clip then you could, but it didn't then try and make assumptions about how you were using the other layers. I mean, just look at it this way - the action 'Flatten Comp' on one section (eg. a Chorus) mutes that track for every other section of the song, whether it was previously the result of a comp or not. How can that possibly be considered a good workflow? They've basically said, "we expect you to record the whole song, then comp it." Any other approach is a poor relation requiring manual fix-up after the event - and it needs doing again each time! Anyway, as you realised in another thread, I am reaching the end of my tenure with Sonar. There have been too many changes like this which have made the product worse for people who don't use it in the way the makers intend, and no movement on the things that matter for me (such as arrangement that is actually usable). So I don't need assistance in how to whatever it is that you're trying to explain, but thanks. Maybe some other people will benefit.
Sonar Platinum (Newburyport) / Win 8.1 64bit / Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 / Absynth / Kontakt / Play / Superior Drummer 2 / ESP LTD guitar / etc Twilight's Embrace - gothic/death metal | Other works - instrumental/soundtracks
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/11 13:53:32
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@kylo... Thing is, for what it sounds like you want, it's really simple to acheive and although my experience with layers is limited to X1 layers (which I can only assume are the same as the 8.5 layers... maybe not) I think if you took some time to work WITH the new options instead of against them you'd have a much better time. Auto splits can be completely avoided while recording using SoS. "Promoting" entire clips is a single click task (which is actually much easier than the Layers methods from what I recall of them). The ONLY thing that seems to be missing for what you want is "Flatten Layers" in the Lanes format so that all the clips populate empty areas of existing lanes and that can be done with a simple select and Shift Drag move. Perhaps the Bakers could include that to nail down that final aspect of the old workflow. I don't see it hurting anything if they did (from a design standpoint). From my perspective you are making things MUCH harder on yourself but you've made up your mind so I won't go on about workflows. I track and edit INCESSANTLY the way you are describing (and many many other ways) and it's really simple. Actually what you are describing is literally the quickest/most problem free style of track/edit of the bunch... even using Comp Mode recording. Seriously if I were doing what you are I would simply remain in Comp mode (even though SoS would avoid splits altogether while recording IIRC), open lanes, swipe once to remove any and all incidental splits at the end of the clips (again can be totally avoided by recording in SoS but it's such a MINOR thing to correct it's not worth switching modes and really only needs to be done if there is noise at the end of other clips) then simply click in the bottom half of the desired clip to "Promote" the clip I want to be heard. Seriously the swipe takes half a second but the time saved by being able to just click a clip to make it audible while muting the others completely DESTROYS the time needed to do the same task in the old workflows. DESTROYS it! And of course isn't even necessary if the correct record mode is chosen (which to me would take MORE time than just a simple swipe... even though it takes half a second. I just don't like having to remember what mode I'm in while tracking). You don't even have to use flatten or any of that crap if your takes are good. Just click in the bottom half of the click you want to use. Don't even worry about the Solo/Mute/Flatten/etc crap. Insanely simple to do. I only use comping because I micromanage my takes... sometimes down to a single note. If you're gonna bail on Sonar over this all I can say is you are making a mistake because what you are saying you want to do is literally some of the easiest editing possible if you know the tricks. I highly doubt any other DAW makes it easier. If you have other issues then sure (the arranger thing is a biggie) but I do not see how simple one click editing like that can be made any easier/faster. Whatevs... good luck to ya whatever you do but you're missing out on some really convenient stuff over some simple misunderstandings about the workflow. Cheers.
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kb420
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/11 16:31:42
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KylotanBut that's just it... I don't want the Comp flow, and shouldn't need it because I'm not comping. That's all there is to it. There's nothing to flatten. There are no splits to remove. I just want to be able to record some audio, maybe move it to a different track, and not have Sonar create a ton of empty Take Lanes for me. It should not be too much to ask and I should not have to work around it. I AGREE 100% That says it all. Plain and simple. That's why I said there should at least be an option to disable "Take Lanes" COMPLETELY!!!!! If they make it an option, then those who love that workflow can still use it, and those that don't can disable it COMPLETELY.
"Now, excuse me while I jump into my Jaguar; I need to board my private jet for the usual weekend trip to my mansion on the Big Island. I think Trixie, Crystal, and Heather are already there...must not keep them waiting in the hot tub!" -Craig Anderton-
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Kylotan
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 04:50:38
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☄ Helpfulby kb420 2016/02/12 12:21:32
Beepster Seriously if I were doing what you are I would simply remain in Comp mode (even though SoS would avoid splits altogether while recording IIRC) Yes, I'm not going to touch Comp mode because it deletes/silences previously recorded audio I want to keep. [...]then simply click in the bottom half of the desired clip to "Promote" the clip I want to be heard. I don't need to promote a clip - there is precisely one clip there, and I can already hear it. What I don't want is the ton of extra empty take lanes that Sonar makes in the process. Seriously the swipe takes half a second but the time saved by being able to just click a clip to make it audible while muting the others completely DESTROYS the time needed to do the same task in the old workflows. DESTROYS it! You may be right, but since I don't have to perform this task, this benefit is irrelevant. I am almost never comping. Not that I'm entirely convinced anyway - dragging to create a split and clicking to promote doesn't seem any different than dragging to isolate a clip, as it worked in the days of layers. In fact now it seems like there's an extra click. If you're gonna bail on Sonar over this all I can say is you are making a mistake because what you are saying you want to do is literally some of the easiest editing possible if you know the tricks. I'm not trying to edit anything! I'm not trying to comp anything, or choose from different takes. All I want, is to occasionally be able to see overlapping clips in a reasonable way, so that I can (a) fine-tune crossfades, or (b) fix up mistakes I made during copy/pasting. This would be easier if Sonar didn't throw in 10 empty lanes from time to time! But no, this isn't why I'd bail on Sonar. The main reasons I'd bail on Sonar are: - Poor arrangement support. No dedicated features for it, workarounds like Matrix View barely work, and copy and paste has also been made more awkward by the way take lanes and track folders work. I've put up with it for years but have decided life is too short.
- Bugs and regressions in the new monthly updates. I like getting monthly updates. What I don't like are the new monthly bugs - Drum Maps dropping notes one month, drum maps not working at all another month. Automation switching on randomly one month, can't drag MIDI to the desktop another month. Yet I feel compelled to upgrade each month just in case one of the older bugs has been fixed, like the plugin menus getting confused, or track templates screwing with drum maps, or whatever.
- No confidence that the direction of Sonar is aligned with mine. This does relate to the comping workflow... and the ProChannel... and the Drum Replacer... and the lack of arrangement facilities... and most of what's been delivered this past year. Because to me, it says "Sonar is aimed at studio engineers and people who record and mix bands". People who record full takes of a song, fix them up, then work on a virtual console (with virtual vintage gear) before shipping off a mix. That's not me. So, if this is the direction they're going, I have to respect that, and find a tool that is more closely aligned with how I want to use music software.
Sonar Platinum (Newburyport) / Win 8.1 64bit / Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 / Absynth / Kontakt / Play / Superior Drummer 2 / ESP LTD guitar / etc Twilight's Embrace - gothic/death metal | Other works - instrumental/soundtracks
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KPerry
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 07:41:10
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Beepster Seriously the swipe takes half a second but the time saved by being able to just click a clip to make it audible while muting the others completely DESTROYS the time needed to do the same task in the old workflows. DESTROYS it! And of course isn't even necessary if the correct record mode is chosen (which to me would take MORE time than just a simple swipe... even though it takes half a second. I just don't like having to remember what mode I'm in while tracking).
Just picking up on this one point...while I understand the logic, I don't agree with the conclusion: it's now too easy to accidentally mute/promote and wonder what's going on, which leads to a more painful experience overall. Manually being in control was still pretty quick (Ctrl-K IIRC to mute) and didn't leave you scratching your head and swearing at the computer (well, not for that reason anyway :-)). Losing the easy ability to stack and crossfade clips within layers for artistic purposes is also another disadvantage of the new method of working.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 11:40:57
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@Kylo... re: "This would be easier if Sonar didn't throw in 10 empty lanes from time to time!" Not going to go through your whole post again (but really I work section by section as I write as well and often times during my final tracking... it works totally fine for me). However that comment raises a red flag that something is wrong. There should not be empty lanes getting added and certainly not that many. I was going under the assumption you were talking about empty space in populated lanes. Just tons of empty lanes is not something I've ever experienced in my workflow. So either something is going on with your install and/Sonar config or something is being done to create the empty lanes. One way I could see that maybe happening is if you are deleting unwanted clips/takes in the parent track as you record instead of using "Undo". As I track I Undo every take I know I screwed up and the new lane + Clip are removed (and the previous take is promoted again). Anyway... I'm not going to spend time trying to change your mind. I just think in your case, now that I have a better idea of how you work/want to work all it would take is some minor workflow alterations and you'd be zooming along. As to the other stuff I could recommend/point out a bunch of stuff but yeah... feeling like a bag of smashed artichokes today and it seems pointless. Good luck with whatever you end up doing. If you DO decide you want to try to sort out your Sonar workflow I'd be happy to help.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 12:05:00
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KPerry
Beepster Seriously the swipe takes half a second but the time saved by being able to just click a clip to make it audible while muting the others completely DESTROYS the time needed to do the same task in the old workflows. DESTROYS it! And of course isn't even necessary if the correct record mode is chosen (which to me would take MORE time than just a simple swipe... even though it takes half a second. I just don't like having to remember what mode I'm in while tracking).
Just picking up on this one point...while I understand the logic, I don't agree with the conclusion: it's now too easy to accidentally mute/promote and wonder what's going on, which leads to a more painful experience overall. Manually being in control was still pretty quick (Ctrl-K IIRC to mute) and didn't leave you scratching your head and swearing at the computer (well, not for that reason anyway :-)). Losing the easy ability to stack and crossfade clips within layers for artistic purposes is also another disadvantage of the new method of working.
I've not had that experience at all but the Smart Tool Clips hotspots can get pretty hairy. However Ctrl K still totally works. I use it often if I need to mute/unmute clips OUTSIDE of the Comp system. So let's say I want two Clips active in the same range I select the desired clip and hit Ctrl K and they are audible simultaneously OR maybe (and this happens sometimes when you do certain things while tracking I won't go into) a clip stays outside the Comping group so I have an active clip that does NOT get muted when I promote another clip. Ctrl K mutes it easily/reliably. As far as editing the old way (like having creative overlaps and fancier fades than the simple X-Fades of the Comp Tool) the answer is actually frustratingly simple (protect your forehead because you may slap it). If you want a straight up, old school Crop Edit workflow... just use the TOP half of the clip instead of the bottom half. So hover your cursor over the end of the clip in the top half (or more accurately upper middle quarter of the clip) and now you can crop that clip independently of all the others without even changing modes. If you want to create fades hover over the end of the "Header" of the clip (the bar at the top of the clip). If you want to do old school Range Select moves swipe over the top half of the clip. With Ctrl K and those maneuvers you can actually work the way you describe easily. I revert to those techniques when Comping isn't quite doing what I need. The Record Mode does not have to change at all for this to happen. Basically now when I look at audio clips it is in two to three parts. Bottom half... hardcore comping. Top half traditional editing. The Header at the top I consider the "Handle" for selecting (without promoting... this would be how I select for Ctrl K mute/unmute) and moving clips around. Really, to me the biggest PITA is the sheer amount of tooltip states when handling clips and trying to hook into them reliably (as in sometimes the cursor/tooltip doesn't change when I want). When I run into those issues I either a) expand the lanes vertically a little to make the clips bigger (and thus the hotspot targets easier to hook into) or b) switch to dedicated tools from the HUD (usually when I need to make a specific action over and over again and don't want to futz around with the Smart Tool hotspots). Maybe that'll help... maybe not. And yeah... I'll try to get off my arse and make a vid about this stuff. It will be another long one though because there are tons scenarios and workflows to be considered. Cheers.
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KPerry
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 12:26:57
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Beepster As far as editing the old way (like having creative overlaps and fancier fades than the simple X-Fades of the Comp Tool) the answer is actually frustratingly simple (protect your forehead because you may slap it). If you want a straight up, old school Crop Edit workflow... just use the TOP half of the clip instead of the bottom half. So hover your cursor over the end of the clip in the top half (or more accurately upper middle quarter of the clip) and now you can crop that clip independently of all the others without even changing modes. If you want to create fades hover over the end of the "Header" of the clip (the bar at the top of the clip). If you want to do old school Range Select moves swipe over the top half of the clip.
I did know this so no forehead slapping required. I just think it's a poor UX - too easy to get it wrong. I want to be able to crossfade (say) without worrying if I'm a hair's breadth off target. Basically now when I look at audio clips it is in two to three parts. Bottom half... hardcore comping. Top half traditional editing. The Header at the top I consider the "Handle" for selecting (without promoting... this would be how I select for Ctrl K mute/unmute) and moving clips around. Really, to me the biggest PITA is the sheer amount of tooltip states when handling clips and trying to hook into them reliably (as in sometimes the cursor/tooltip doesn't change when I want). When I run into those issues I either a) expand the lanes vertically a little to make the clips bigger (and thus the hotspot targets easier to hook into) or b) switch to dedicated tools from the HUD (usually when I need to make a specific action over and over again and don't want to futz around with the Smart Tool hotspots).
That's pretty much my point and I agree with you - I just think it's too cumbersome because of the accuracy you need. And it didn't use to be. For what it's worth, I often find the normal (track not lane) slip editing accuracy required a bit too finickety (sp?) at times too, so it's not just lanes that I think provide a sub-optimal experience in this way. Another FWIW, I also hide the header as I already think we're wasting too much vertical space with the newer widgets (vs 8.x) so every pixel counts.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 13:02:01
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For me Layers became useless very quickly for exactly the reason I describe. As I tracked the layers got smaller and smaller and smaller and for some insane reason Cake made it so you could not expand them vertically and the tracks would lock to screen height. So it was fine if there were only half a dozen or so layers but since I create WAY more takes than that there would become a tipping point where ANY editing became impossible. Even the Layer Mute/Solo buttons would disappear. It was bad. Very bad. When lanes got introduced in X2 it was a godsend at first but X2 was ridiculously buggy and the Lanes workflow was half baked. X3 and comping fixed everything (aside from one weird annoying bug that would jump the screen to the parent track in certain situations but that got fixed in SPlat). As for the hotspots, they can be finicky fershure but now that I know their quirks and exactly where/how to access them it's no problem. I do think sometimes though it depends on the graphics resources on the system. I know if I'm really maxing out my crappy GC or the system in general the hotspots get harder to hook into. If a project starts corrupting... even worse but it was WAY worse on X2... and impossible in X1 which I'm assuming would have been the same scheme as 8.5. But it DOES work as designed barring other issues and as noted there are ways to force the issue when they aren't playing nice (which is happening less and less these days on my rig). I think because of the time period I came into all this (X1) I got to start fresh with BOTH workflows. The layers scheme was not ingrained in my workflow after years of usage so it was like learning all three completely fresh (Layers, Lanes without comping, Lanes with comping within 2-3 years). The current method, to me, is simply a buttload easier. I actually came from Nuendo 2 which had a weird system of a single track and you had to Right Click to call up (promote) clips from a menu. Now THAT was weird... but I kind of liked it and actually wouldn't mind that to be included as a function in the Parent Track. Essentially you'd rifle through the list of clips and whatever you selected went on the top (and anything underneath go muted). You then did your crossfades against whatever was overlapping with that top clip. So you could have Clip 1, 2 and 3 where Clip one was in the middle, clip 2 was at the start being partially obscured by Clip 1 and clip 3 at the end (being partially obscured by Clip 1. You fade them together and apply on clip levle autmation or whatever and that's how you comped. It is possible there was an "expose layers" type thing but I didn't have a manual and that system worked alright for me. If I could have lanes AND do that in the Parent Track... that'd be cool.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 13:08:34
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Oh and I menat o mention.. I think now that maybe the reason we have minimum height for lanes and the stupid auto Lanes zoom thingie is specifically because if the lanes got to small all the hotspots would become too jumbled/inaccessable like they were with layers. I would still like to be able to disable both of those things so I can drag them out as needed to the height I want. I also want an Archive and Hide Lanes option. That would make the workflow perfect for me. Archive to remove uneeded data from system resources but still available if I want to return to those takes and Hide to clean up my tracks Lanes Area after I have the takes/comps I want (again without losing the data in case I want to return and make a new comp). I have to do that stuff manually by cloning the track, deleting unwanted material and/or creating a new track, dragging the desired data into it then Archiving/Hiding the original. Layers most definitely could not grant any of those wishes. Again.... different strokes and all that but for me, in regards to layers... good riddance.
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Kylotan
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 13:09:13
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☄ Helpfulby kb420 2016/02/12 13:25:38
Beepster @Kylo... re: "This would be easier if Sonar didn't throw in 10 empty lanes from time to time!" Not going to go through your whole post again (but really I work section by section as I write as well and often times during my final tracking... it works totally fine for me). However that comment raises a red flag that something is wrong. There should not be empty lanes getting added and certainly not that many. Usually the lane has something in it... one or two clips... 3 minutes to the left or the right. And sometimes it doesn't. As in my original example, I have a rhythm guitar track which, despite me never having done any sort of looped recording or comping, ended up with 15 take lanes. 3 were entirely empty. The rest were 11/12ths empty (as I only have 1 take per section). It's a lot of dead space that serves no purpose. One way I could see that maybe happening is if you are deleting unwanted clips/takes in the parent track as you record instead of using "Undo". It's quite common for me to record into one track and move the recorded audio to another track, which is much the same thing. Doesn't explain why the new take lanes keep appearing in the first place though. In an ideal world I would record only ever into the track the audio was going to stay in. But this isn't an ideal world and doing it that way takes longer.
Sonar Platinum (Newburyport) / Win 8.1 64bit / Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 / Absynth / Kontakt / Play / Superior Drummer 2 / ESP LTD guitar / etc Twilight's Embrace - gothic/death metal | Other works - instrumental/soundtracks
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kb420
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 13:29:37
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Kylotan, Sonar does the same thing when midi loop recording. It's so cumbersome, especially when all I want is for all of the midi data to be in one consolidated clip. Not only do you have a bunch of unwanted takes, but you also end up with empty takes that you have clean up manually. This is why I at least want the option of COMPLETELY disabling Take Lanes!
"Now, excuse me while I jump into my Jaguar; I need to board my private jet for the usual weekend trip to my mansion on the Big Island. I think Trixie, Crystal, and Heather are already there...must not keep them waiting in the hot tub!" -Craig Anderton-
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 13:43:26
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Kylotan
Beepster @Kylo... re: "This would be easier if Sonar didn't throw in 10 empty lanes from time to time!" Not going to go through your whole post again (but really I work section by section as I write as well and often times during my final tracking... it works totally fine for me). However that comment raises a red flag that something is wrong. There should not be empty lanes getting added and certainly not that many. Usually the lane has something in it... one or two clips... 3 minutes to the left or the right. And sometimes it doesn't. As in my original example, I have a rhythm guitar track which, despite me never having done any sort of looped recording or comping, ended up with 15 take lanes. 3 were entirely empty. The rest were 11/12ths empty (as I only have 1 take per section). It's a lot of dead space that serves no purpose.

One way I could see that maybe happening is if you are deleting unwanted clips/takes in the parent track as you record instead of using "Undo". It's quite common for me to record into one track and move the recorded audio to another track, which is much the same thing. Doesn't explain why the new take lanes keep appearing in the first place though. In an ideal world I would record only ever into the track the audio was going to stay in. But this isn't an ideal world and doing it that way takes longer.
Yup. I see it. Those empty lanes are likely from you yanking out the clips to other tracks. As far as that screenshot... dude, flatten that bugger. As you said multiple times you only have 1 take at any give time range (but I was going on the premise maybe you had the occasional section with more than one section you wanted to test out for your final). In that screenshot, if it were on my screen, I'd make any necessary crops/fades at the start and ends of the clips (just like I would with Layers), select the track so all those segments on the Parent Track are highlighted, Right Click the Parent Track and Flatten Comp. Then you don't have to worry about jack. You can delete ALL the Lanes (aside from the comp) if you want to clean it up. Also... as I said upthread, if you want all those little snippets to record into the same lane I'm pretty sure all you have to do is arm the desired Take Lane for recording. That will force the recording into that lane without creating a new one. I'd have to test that though and there may be a Preferences setting somewhere to avoid the new lane being created or whatever. There is also the Auto X-Fade option that could be disabled. I think when two overlapping clips appear in the same lane you simply have to click on the clip you want to bring to the surface to apply a fade or crop it. That would be Single Lane editing like in the old days. Again I'd have to test it to make sure but essentially by arming the Lane for recording all data gets forced into the lane. Disable X-Fade in Prefs if you don't want auto Crossfade and probably use Sound on Sound recording mode. Click a clip to bring it to the surface for cropping/fading (use the top half of the clip for crop, header for fades). Something like that. That's wicked old school but totally fine (if it works more or less like that). Personally if I were forcing that type of workflow I would actually use TWO lanes and switch the arm status between them. So I could record directly into my MAIN lane and if at any point there was going to be an overlap of clips I would arm the second lane and record that part there. That way instead of having auto X-Fades or messing with selecting clips to draw them to the surface for editing I could just have the overlapping clips in their own lanes and edit them independently without the fuddle duddle. Two lanes, old school editing, use flatten as an "unaffected" mixdown once the editing is done. Ya?
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Paul P
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 14:06:58
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Kylotan If you know how to find the magical menu option that lets you remove empty take lanes (hint to all: you have to right-click on a clip in the parent/composite lane to see 'Remove Empty Take Lanes'... why the hell it's so hidden and doesn't appear when you right click (a) the track, (b) a take lane, I don't know),
Having just searched for this, thanks for the tip, but it only works if you have a clip to click on. Otherwise there appears to be no way to get rid of a bunch of empty lanes except by deleting them one by one by clicking the 'x' for each. (?) I had to create a clip in the main track (which was empty) for the option to appear.
Sonar Platinum [2017.10], Win7U x64 sp1, Xeon E5-1620 3.6 GHz, Asus P9X79WS, 16 GB ECC, 128gb SSD, HD7950, Mackie Blackjack
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 14:17:47
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Paul P
Kylotan If you know how to find the magical menu option that lets you remove empty take lanes (hint to all: you have to right-click on a clip in the parent/composite lane to see 'Remove Empty Take Lanes'... why the hell it's so hidden and doesn't appear when you right click (a) the track, (b) a take lane, I don't know),
Having just searched for this, thanks for the tip, but it only works if you have a clip to click on. Otherwise there appears to be no way to get rid of a bunch of empty lanes except by deleting them one by one by clicking the 'x' for each. (?) I had to create a clip in the main track (which was empty) for the option to appear.
Already mentioned this one earlier. Select the Lanes you want to remove (they select just like tracks do with a blue button in the top left corner of the lane controls... admittedly there should be some indication there that there is a selection square there but it is). So Shift or Ctrl select the Lanes you want to go away, hold Ctrl, Click the X on one of the selected lanes. They will all go away. I did search for Remove Empty Lanes on an unpopulated track (that I loaded up with empty lanes) and yes... the menu option was unavailable so Cake could improve that. I never get empty Lanes though and I cannot recall ever using/needing that feature. If anything I am ADDING lanes for that minor annoyance where a new clip will populate an existing lane with data already on it (the exact OPPOSITE of Kylotan's complaint... lol).
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Paul P
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 14:25:29
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Beepster Already mentioned this one earlier. Select the Lanes you want to remove (they select just like tracks do with a blue button in the top left corner of the lane controls... admittedly there should be some indication there that there is a selection square there but it is). So Shift or Ctrl select the Lanes you want to go away, hold Ctrl, Click the X on one of the selected lanes. They will all go away.
Thanks Beep. To get rid of all of them it's easiest to just drag out a selection region across the lanes which selects them all, then Ctr-click the "x".
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 14:35:33
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Paul P
Beepster Already mentioned this one earlier. Select the Lanes you want to remove (they select just like tracks do with a blue button in the top left corner of the lane controls... admittedly there should be some indication there that there is a selection square there but it is). So Shift or Ctrl select the Lanes you want to go away, hold Ctrl, Click the X on one of the selected lanes. They will all go away.
Thanks Beep. To get rid of all of them it's easiest to just drag out a selection region across the lanes which selects them all, then Ctr-click the "x".
Good one. Haven't tried that. I think you can just drag down the left side to to multi select (like you would with a series of tracks) but I generally am very cautious with my selections so select all particular and crud, inspect, sometimes deselect all ('cause I get paranoid) then reselect... THEN delete. Bit of a time eater but it helps avoid my classic brainfart spazzo moves... which tend to waste WAY more time. lol
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Paul P
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/12 17:39:07
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Beepster I think you can just drag down the left side to to multi select (like you would with a series of tracks)...
Thanks again for this bit, I didn't even know you could select tracks by clicking on the first (blue button) then dragging onto the others. So yes, this does work well for selecting clips with the same procedure, and then you're right there for the ctl-click.
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Kylotan
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 06:26:30
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☄ Helpfulby kb420 2016/02/13 06:31:05
Beepster Yup. I see it. Those empty lanes are likely from you yanking out the clips to other tracks. As far as that screenshot... dude, flatten that bugger. As you said multiple times you only have 1 take at any give time range (but I was going on the premise maybe you had the occasional section with more than one section you wanted to test out for your final). They're separate sections. They get moved forward and backward in time to arrange the song. Flattening them breaks that. I might have 20 sections in a song with a ton of unused sections elsewhere in the project. In fact, flattening breaks the whole project. It's the wrong paradigm for this way of working. Also... as I said upthread, if you want all those little snippets to record into the same lane I'm pretty sure all you have to do is arm the desired Take Lane for recording. You're right, but it's just a hassle. I want to arm the track (one click), not open up the take lanes view, arm a take lane, close the take lanes view (three clicks). It's small but it adds up. Personally if I were forcing that type of workflow I would actually use TWO lanes and switch the arm status between them. So I could record directly into my MAIN lane and if at any point there was going to be an overlap of clips I would arm the second lane and record that part there. That way instead of having auto X-Fades or messing with selecting clips to draw them to the surface for editing I could just have the overlapping clips in their own lanes and edit them independently without the fuddle duddle. Why would I want to do that when I could just arm the track, record into the track, and slip edit automatic crossfades as needed? 8.5 did that. Platinum almost does that, but creates tons of take lanes into the bargain. I refuse to do extra work to compensate for this backwards step in functionality.
Sonar Platinum (Newburyport) / Win 8.1 64bit / Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 / Absynth / Kontakt / Play / Superior Drummer 2 / ESP LTD guitar / etc Twilight's Embrace - gothic/death metal | Other works - instrumental/soundtracks
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kb420
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 06:39:31
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Kylotan Why would I want to do that when I could just arm the track, record into the track, and slip edit automatic crossfades as needed? 8.5 did that. Platinum almost does that, but creates tons of take lanes into the bargain. I refuse to do extra work to compensate for this backwards step in functionality.
Good point! There should still be an option to go back to the old workflow. I understand that some may find the new features to be better for their workflow, but that doesn't mean that's the case for every user, and in every situation. There needs to be an option to disable "Take Lanes" completely, on a track by track basis, and on a Global basis. It's a WIN/WIN situation. The users that like Take Lanes would still be able to use them. The users who don't want to use Take Lanes can disable them.
"Now, excuse me while I jump into my Jaguar; I need to board my private jet for the usual weekend trip to my mansion on the Big Island. I think Trixie, Crystal, and Heather are already there...must not keep them waiting in the hot tub!" -Craig Anderton-
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wetdentist
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 07:53:24
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i comp all the time & nary a take lane is created. having had problems with them a couple years ago where audio would just disappear (leaving a grayed-out image of the audio that could make no sound, no matter what i tried), i decided to move on from normal comping.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 08:05:18
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@kylo... I was pointing out a couple things that I, personally, would do in those situations. You can just use the single lane like I originally stated. Also I think there is a prefs option that allows you to disable "Create New Lane On Overlap". Or it might be a Track Views Option. I'll check it out later. @kb420... You've just been repeating the same thing. As I said earlier on you'd have to replace Lanes WITH something. "Disable them" doesn't make sense. There needs to be a clip management scheme of some kind. @wetdentist.... That sounds like the Mute Tool muting areas of the clips. That was the old recommended way of "Comping" and... IMO... was horrendous (I just manually edited clips instead). Of course we don't have to worry about that now but if you ever end up using the old versions and that happens that's likely the culprit. The Mute tool still exists in SPlat too so it can still happen but the Mute Tool is kind of buried now so it's quite hard to trigger. Cheers.
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kb420
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 10:28:41
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Beepster @kb420... You've just been repeating the same thing. As I said earlier on you'd have to replace Lanes WITH something. "Disable them" doesn't make sense. There needs to be a clip management scheme of some kind.
Have you ever used anything other than Sonar? Have you ever used earlier versions of Sonar? There are other programs that allow you to record without adding Takes, especially for midi loop recording. There are also programs that allow you to toggle Takes on or off. Midi loop recording without adding "Takes": https://youtu.be/G6RqDMDqWuY?t=41s Tracktion is only $60, and yet they seem to have it mastered. https://youtu.be/_C8qcFDi15Q?t=4m10s In Sonar, even if you set: 1.) Recording Mode to "Sound on Sound" 2.) Loop Recording to "Store Takes in a Single Track" and 3.) Uncheck "Create New Lanes on Overlap" Sonar will create new Take Lanes. You can see them in the arrangement because only the midi data from the final lane is displayed. You'll see that all of the other "Takes" are underneath. You will not see them in the midi editor, but it's still there and it's just unnecessary for it to be there. I know you can flatten it, but what's up with all of the extra steps for something so simple?
post edited by kb420 - 2016/02/13 11:10:51
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 10:58:11
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@Kylo... I just figured out how to make your workflow happen in SPlat in TWO different ways. It's quite simple. Workflow 1: Parent Track 1) Go to Edit > Preferences > Project - Record then a) deselect "Create New Lanes On Overlap" and b) Choose "Sound On Sound" as the recording mode (not even sure that's necessary but it's what I did) 2) On any new tracks quickly open the Lanes and enable the Record Arm button on the lane (there should only be one empty lane at this point). Maybe this could even be setup as a Track Template so you don't have to do it every time. 3) Close Lanes. You really don't have to open them again at all if you don't want to and in fact for creating X-Fades the NEED to remain closed. 4) In the Track View Options menu make sure Auto Crossfade is selected (I think it's the default) The result is you can record all your segments as you like. ALL of them will get recorded into that one lane even if you record OVER a previous take (I'll describe what that does in a minute). If you want to create overlapped clips just select them in the Parent Track (with Lanes closed) and drag them into each other as you normally would. Your X-Fade is created automatically. Now THAT action (creating an X-Fade) will unfortunately create a new lane and the more you do it you may end up getting more Lanes but SOnar does seem to recycle the lanes sometimes. Not sure what the circumstances are where that would happen. It does seem a little random and should be looked at by the Bakers because to me disabling the "Create New Lanes on Overlap" should at least keep it to ONE new lane for overlap. BUT... it doesn't matter because you really shouldn't have to open Lanes any way. It just works in the Parent Track based on what I was just doing. You can just wait until you are done your structuring and flatten or just totally ignore it. HOWEVER here is another workflow that COMPLETELY stops those extra lanes from happening and allows you to work COMPLETELY in the single Lane at all times. The only "problem" is you have to have that lane visible while editing and Auto Crossfades are done with the Comp Tool instead of forcing the fade across any overlap. Workflow 2: Single Lane So with all the same settings as before just record into the track. All clips will populate the same (armed) lane and if you record over part of an existing clip the new clip will "Overwrite" that section of the old one BUT the clip remains and can be slip edited out back to full size. *Be careful though not to record over the ENTIRE old clip if you want to keep it because then it just completely gets overwritten and requires an Undo action to recover (thus losing the new clip)... so in that case just create and arm a second Lane momentarily or do it in another track. You can drag the clips around wherever you want in the Lane and they will not cause any damage until you drop them. If you drop them to overlap another clip it will overwrite that section. At this point you can blend the clips and adjust the start/end points by just moving the split. This incurs the Crop Tool and it behaves normally EXCEPT because there are no other clips in other lanes it is purely a cropping/crossfade tool. Sooo... 1) Arm Track and First Lane 2) Record your segments (with or without Lanes open). *Be careful not to completely record over other clips you want to keep but partially recording over them is fine and leaves them completely recoverable via slip editing. 3) With the Lane open drag the clips around wherever you like. Dropping a clip onto another or dragging it into another will make the selected clip overwrite the older clip (either partially or completely so again do not completely obscure any old clips you wish to retain). No action is taken until you "Drop" the clip. 4) Once the clip has be dropped where you want to create an overlap with another clip drag the split Left/Right to adjust where the first clip ends and the second begins. Drag up and Down to adjust the X-Fade (this is Comp tool action). 5) If you ABSOLUTELY need two clips playing at the same time in the same track without any X-Fade action (which I would personally use another track because multiple clips at once in one track sounds like crap to me but whatever) THEN you can create a new Lane and put the overlapping clip there. Both clips will be active and you can use the old editing features in the top half of the clips to edit them together. At MOST you end up with two Lanes (and that's only if you want to clips playing full blast at the same time). To make up for the extra screenspace taken up by the single Lane being opened you can minimize the Parent Track/Track Control area while editing. Just pretend the Lane is your track while you edit. ================================================== Either of these workflows will force Sonar to do what you seem to want. Admittedly the fact Workflow 1 does create Lanes on X-Fades is a little weird and I think this might be a semi sort of bug or unintended design "flaw" (it should obey the Overlap rule set in preferences) but you shouldn't even have to be opening Lanes. I do think it might qualify as a Problem Report though because it does not seem to work as it should while editing and if it was only intended for Recording it shoudl be expanded to editing as well. Workflow 2 requires Lanes open while editing but ONLY while editing and does pretty much exactly what you seem to want. The fact a lane has to be armed seems really inconsequential compared to how much you seem to want this style of tracking/editing. In BOTH scenarios it really seems like WAY less work/hassle/confusion than how this would need to be done with Layers. Layers were insanely unpredictable IME and demanded a lot more post tracking futzing about. With both of these workflows, particularly the 2nd one, you can at least be certain of what's going to happen to the data. After messing with this a bit and seeing how insanely reliable/predictable/easy it all is I cannot see how your rather simple tracking/editing needs cannot be accomplished without issue (and by simple I don't mean that in a bad way... it's just not a complex workflow compared to the spazzo crap I do). It just may be slightly different. If the problem is "It's different, therefore I don't like it" nothing can be done except to move back to 8.5 as you track and edit. Maybe SPlat can be your mixing environment if you find any value in it at all. I also really don't think another DAW is going help much because they all seem to have elaborate editing/layer/lanes schemes. I could be wrong but it will likely be quite different than even the new Sonar. For me though, as easy as that all is (it's very old school/traditional editing... almost like tape splicing) the proper Comping/Lanes workflow is just WAY faster/easier for me and allows me to REALLY do some crazy stuff that would have taken me ages to do before. Anyhoo... I'm mostly posting this because other people HAVE apparently gotten something out of these posts. It would be nice if you gave these things a chance though because it's not nearly as backwards and cumbersome as you seem to think. IIRC you just recently updated from X1 (layers). There were mountains of these threads at first before people started figuring it all out. One COULD say that "Oh those people just left... that's why no one complains anymore" and some people DID give up and move to other products (or stick with the old ones) BUT many many more, who were unhappy (quite vocally in some cases) eventually gave all this stuff a proper go and now like the new tools/methods way better. I've given you (and others) lots of stuff to try/learn/experiment with. If you just give some of it a go and muscle through some of the growing pains (like we all did) you might see the benefit of these workflows. Layers are dead and I seriously doubt they are coming back. Even if the Bakers had any interest in bringing them back at this point it would be next to impossible without destroying a bunch of other stuff. They just would not fit into the program anymore and it would likely cause a buttload of bugs. Again... good luck with whatever you do. Cheers.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 11:12:46
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kb420
Beepster @kb420... You've just been repeating the same thing. As I said earlier on you'd have to replace Lanes WITH something. "Disable them" doesn't make sense. There needs to be a clip management scheme of some kind.
Have you ever used anything other than Sonar? Have you ever used earlier versions of Sonar? There are other programs that allow you to record without adding Takes, especially for midi loop recording. There are also programs that allow you to toggle Takes on or off. Midi loop recording without adding "Takes": https://youtu.be/G6RqDMDqWuY?t=41s
I already said upthread I used to use Nuendo 2 which had no Lanes... but it STILL had a "layers" type scheme. I also goof around with Reaper and use some of the more basic audio recorders from time to time. I will eventually pick up Cubase and S1 for educational purposes to study them and use them for things Sonar can't. My point was "DISABLE THEM" doesn't say anything. I don't need to see a video of MIDI Loop Recording. I know the workflow. I know what you mean. I know what you want and described ways to acheive it right now AND made suggestions as to how Cakewalk could implement what you want. To imply that I'm an idiot for not being able to read your mind with your repitition of the vague statement "DISABLE THEM" is irksome and why I've been ignoring it until now. If you want it to work in a specific way then YOU need to articulate it and in a way that makes sense/will fit into the current program design without breaking everything else. It can be done. I have ideas for it myself. Articulate your ideas to start a discussion about it. Make a Feature Request with those ideas so the Bakers can see it. "Disable them!" does not help you acheive your goal. I WANT you to get what you need to work. It might benefit my own workflow but good gawd, man... explain yourself so there's a chance the ideas can be considered and implemented. And again... I KNOW WHAT MIDI LOOP RECORDING IS! I know how to do it in SPlat!!! It's not hard but yeah... it could be improved.
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Beepster
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Re: help with take lanes
2016/02/13 11:19:10
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Oh and yes... I used X1 which still had layers and they were a nightmare for me. It's not 8.5 but my understanding is Layers worked more or less the same in both. Which I also said upthread. If I had a copy of 8.5 around I'd play with it just to see what the fuss is about but honestly from all the vids I've seen using it really looks like it would be really clunky to use compared to SPlat.
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