So back to the recommended external boot from an alternate OS, such as Linux. The whole point of that exercise would be to check the health of your hardware, while excluding the Windows boot partition.
1. If everything checks out that way, then you are go for a restore from a good image file, or lacking that, a clean install of Windows.
2. Or if the hardware still has issues wile running under Linux, your Windows partition may be OK and you need a new motherboard or something... then Windows might boot again without requiring a backup image restore ...