there's tons of documentation out there as to what brian may used on different recordings, especially rhapsody.
Brian has his guitar plugged into the 'Normal' channel on the AC30s and has the treble booster turned up to just below the point where it goes into feedback. He has the amps turned up full and uses the volume control on his guitar to control the sound. If you want to try this setup at home, you should be aware that the AC30 is a vintage-style amp with no master volume control, so you will only get those classic sounds with everything up full (i.e. VERY loud).
The pickups on Brian's Red Special are wired in series, with phase change switches, which allow a very wide range of tones. Brian's main guitar tone uses the bridge and middle pickups together in phase, which gives a very warm rich sound, similar to that of a humbucker. He mainly uses this setting for rhythm work. For lead sounds, he often uses an out-of-phase setting, which cuts the lower frequencies and gives a much harsher 'screaming' sound. The guitar solo on
Bohemian Rhapsody is a good example of this tone setting.
The semi-solid construction of Brian's guitar, coupled with the amps turned up full gives a very 'live' response, which can easily lead to a ton of unwanted feeback. The solo for
Put out the Fire is a great example of this. Here, Brian is using an out-of-phase pickup setting for that 'screaming' sound and has everything turned up full. The sound is right on the edge of endless feedback, but he somehow manages to control it and produce a great solo, which Brian says that he never really liked but I beg to differ!
http://www.brianmaycentral.net/play.html