There should be no real reason why a great guitar sound cannot be obtained. If you have got a decent guitar and decent amp settings then close micing the cab should give you a pretty direct and decent rendition of what you are hearing.
Start with the guitar and get the sound you want from that. Then set the controls especially the tone controls on the amp to give you the sound you are after. If you are getting bass due to proximity then maybe back it off on the amp a little. I am sure if you do this and put an SM57 near the grill (cone edge) then you are bound to get a great sound being recorded there.
The room acoustics should not really be playing that much of a part in your sound that you are getting off the mic. Ultimately it is the guitarist that is going to give you the result you want to hear. If it's mediocre guitar playing then I am sorry to say it will be a mediocre sound that will result.
It should not matter where you put the cab and the mic in the room really. People in posts below are talking about certain frequencies doing this and that in certain room positions but hey how far away is the mic in that situation. I think you just have to agree that the room you are using to record guitars is not going to be good for more distant mic situations. You can only really start putting microphones well back from guitar cabs when you have a decent room at your disposal. Something many of us don't have. Even in a great sounding proper studio which I have when I teach for example I still don't often mic them from a distance. Often it is still up close.
Use the amazing array of plugins we have now to effect your more direct sound. There are a wealth of amp heads, cabs and mic positions that can all be had inside our virtual guitar world. Stop thinking it cannot be done there and only in real life. Rubbish! It can be done there, take it from me.
Danny will even agree with me on this.
If the playing is really great then it all becomes rather unimportant anyway. Frank Gambale sounds incredible with a $100 strat and the worst guitar amp you have ever heard.
(I have heard it I know!) He transcends all that and he just gets down to the serious business of
playing his guitar well.