The way modes are taught in most theory books is by rote which is silly. Modes are a simple mathematical concept that apply to any series of intervals and yet they are normally only referenced with respect to a few scales. They are best learned as interval series but most people don't teach them that way.
When I was initially studying music the lack of information in this area frustrated me, so when I started programming in the 80's, I wrote some code using simple cyclic permutation math, to iteratively generate all possibilities of scales and modes in 12 tone music - 7, 8 tone scales, pentatonics and hexatonics...
The code was written in COBOL btw, and it ran overnight to compute that stuff on a Z80 microprocessor and print out pages of scales! That was my first music software project :) The stuff I learned from that exercise changed the way I thought about scales forever.
Pop trivia questions - I'll be impressed if anyone knows answer to these :)
- How many possibilities of 7 tone scales exist in 12 tone music.
- How many possibilities of pentatonic scales exist in 12 tone music.
Exclude modes, transpositions of the scales, and scales that have 2 or more consecutive semitones.