Well - Im not a nuerologist.. or a scientist, but I am a student. My first instrument was the drums, also my college major, even though Im holding a guitar in that pic over there.
Id like to see the slipping up tempo - natural rythmns of our planet thing unpacked a little more as it is interesting.
One thing I want to point out here is that the articles listed above don't disclose much about the test subjects. The level of development of someone who maxes out at 4 on the floor isnt the same as someone like simon phillips.
I will say, that without a doubt, playing, practicing drums, and working on 4 way co-ordination has physically evolved me in irreplaceable ways. When you can get all 4 appendages in control, and in sync.. with music... its the coolest thing ever. I would imagine that someone who has spent years finetuning 4 way co-ordination with a metronome would have incredible mental capacity... however... it would be something they developed through steady, meditative practice.
A band is only as good as the drummer.