Hi! I'm totally new to this forum, but I've been for almost 32 years in the recording industry. I'd love to share with you some of the ideas other engineers, physics scientists and audiophiles have been discussing for over ten years about hi-def audio.
Let's go to the very basic thing: the only way to have a great recording is recording it well. So... mikes, venue, artists, placing of people, instruments and equipment are important. The recording method and the type of system is paramount at this stage. It's not the same if you're using a 96ch. SSL Board with all the bells and whistles and dumping the recording to a 1" tape than using the same analogue board signals into a ProTools HD rig at 192/24. Here comes the first step: if I have a tape for, let's say, summed tracks for drums on a two-track, I can play with that all I want, til I go to the whole mix. In fact, what we do is mixing in groups to be able to use all the capabilities and maximum fidelity on tape. Teh dynamic range of tape is hard-limited by the medium, so, translated to digital, it can go from 19-20Hz to 22kHz depending on a dozen of factors (azimuth alignment, demagnetization, head wear, and so on).
If I capture the performance in ProTools HD 192/24 I still have all the analogue characteristics of the hardware I used (the board itself and all the other processors we love... preamps, outboard EQ's, etc.). But... I have ALL the tracks, up to 96, let's say, on their own and at a very high resolution. The huge difference here is this: I can play with these tracks almost fearlessly. I can compress, EQ, gate, limit, push, colour... whatever I want -obviously, within the limits of musical perfection, without destroying the timbre, tonality, and, most importantly, dynamic range. Most microphones, even the most sophisticated hand-made German ones have serious physical limitations, as our own hearing. I love my U87AI and it "just" goes from 20Hz to 20kHz!!!! So... I'm recording at 192kHz/24bit resolution, but ALL I have to work with is 20 to 20K. If I were recording direct to 44.1/16 I'd be seriously limited in "tweaking" the tracks, since ANY change would alter or terminally destroy its contents. This is due to the Nyquist frequency which has been explained before. Now, I have three times (in 192) or twice (in 96) the leeway to work that on a 44.1 or 48 track.
So this is provenance 1: the recording session. I do it in the digital domain in high resolution. A must if I want my product to be Hi Def.
Then, provenance 2: My finished mix, let's say in 96/24, will go to the mastering phase. Here, more damage (tweaking... Oh, God! what we do is making things sound better through destroying them?... hell, no!) to the original signal will be done. The practice today is to compress things to absurdity (0dB anyone?), so there's no real silence where silence should be, no mellow or really subtle passages... everything is slammed to the red -without clipping! If the mastering house knows they're going HD, they should keep things where they are... smooth sine forms would show, instead of bricks. And... that's it for provenance. You can still have your 96/24 stereo mix in that sacred realm.
Now, we have to go public: distribution is where things get lazy. Let's bump the whole master to -2 and downgrade it to 44.1/16 for distribution. Most of the love that went into the process is turned into a red rage of "normalisation" or whatever name they use for the process... the brights are ultrabright and the shadows are ultrashadowy!
If we stop at stage two of provenance, we could listen to music for much longer and without fatigue. This may not be scientific at all, but it's a fact. There's less fatigue when listening to HD music than to CD-standard music.
We don't understand the hearing process as we do with sight. We don't have golden ears (maybe there are some folks who do, but they are pretty scance. With age, we lose our ability to hear some frequencies. We're "blind" to them.
So... what makes HD music better than standard Redbook CD-quality? The depth of the recorded material. Sometimes you can "feel" the silence. The lights are not hot and the shadows are not that dark, so it's like having a picture with detail in both shadows (lower frequencies down to 30Hz, which you feel) and light (like the details of a white cloud hit by the sun, where 20kHz is the limit for our ears to listen to). It's smoother.
Is all this scientifically based? Yes, absolutely. Can we hear the difference from a very good 44.1/16 to a 96/24 recording? It can't be demonstrated yet. If you work in a studio environment yes, you would "feel" much better and relaxed working with HD tracks (oh... files!).
Since the topic's been going on for ages... well... it can go on forever until the day science can measure objectively our hearing perception and make it universal.