The frequency spectrum is not limited by the outline of the curve. The curve is just an indication of how much boost or cut is being applied at given frequency vs a flat line at 0dB (no boost or cut). And the spectrum is being measured against the meter scales on the outside of the meters where 0dB is at the top, and the middle of the scale is at -36dB.
If you had a white noise signal peaking at 0dB all across the spectrum, and you rolled off the highs and lows as you have indicated, you'd only be seeing a maximum of a 12dB cut at 40Hz and 6kHz. Note where -12dB is on the meter scales and you'll see that your signal would still be well outside the curve everywhere.
EDIT: Oops. Looks like I got that a little wrong. The spectrum power doesn't use the meter scale. But the cut that you see in the spectrum follows that scale more closely than the boost/cut scale, so the reduction in the spectrum is still proportionally smaller than the reduction in the curve.