I tried again today on a fresh install of Sonar X3d, fresh install of UAD 7.4.0 (not a clean windows install, but fully uninstalled both Sonar/UAD, all drivers, all filesystem files/folders, every reg entry I could find, etc.), tried the trick from the other post about pointing VST plugin scan to x64 versions of UAD only (tried both UAD and Steinberg folder locations for x64), no change in results.
I'll post to UAD support & flag both these threads as well, and hopefully between the two of them, Cakewalk and UAD can sort it out. Considering everything works perfectly when I go back to X2, it makes me think it's a Cakewalk issue, or something CW changed in X3 that UAD hasn't 'caught up' to yet. Either way, I'm hoping for a resolution soon.
Thanks for listening everybody.