I believe the Melodyne problem is now solved, thanks to Cakewalk Tech Support.
The theory is that Melodyne had become corrupted, which I apparently fixed by reinstalling the program. The technician had me start a new project and use Melodyne, which worked correctly, so this seems plausible. However, my existing projects were still referencing the corrupted .dll file.
So we opened an existing project in safe mode, disabling the Melodyne module, and then did a manual scan of my VST folders. This ended the reference to the corrupted module, and Melodyne then functioned correctly within the existing project.
My previously existing Melodyne changes are all gone (at least in the one project I've checked), so I will have to recreate those...a hassle, but much preferable to the alternative.
As for the Octa-Capture,it started working properly about 45 minutes before I got on the phone with Cakewalk. Go figure.
Thanks to everyone who volunteered suggestions. Much appreciated.