"If I have my system and apps on a 1TB drive, putting them there in say a 250GB partition and saving the rest for other unrelated stuff isn't going to hurt Sonar performance, right?"
Whether or not data/apps are in 1 partition or 10 partitions, if they are on the same physical drive they are accesses about the same. The drive has 1 set of physical read/write heads, so splitting by partitions does not have a significant performance effect.
Concurrent access of data/apps is really where you want to have things, if possible. This is achieved by splitting things across multiple physical drives, and is a main reason why people have more than 1 physical drive.
You will achieve better performance splitting the OS/apps and your data files across multiple physical drives.
Bob Bone