"...un-natural frequency carvings and harmonics in the upper registers..."
That perfectly describes a flanger.
And yes, it was all over the place in the 80's. Its popularity began in the late 60's, but back then it was used at extreme settings as a special effect. Think "Itchycoo Park".
Back then, the effect was not easy to achieve, requiring two tape recorders running in parallel and manually slowing one of them.
Then along came the Electric Mistress stompbox, which took it from being a tricky studio technique to something anybody could use. More importantly, it gave users more precise control over the parameters. That, and the fact that it was cheap, made it a standard piece of gear in the 80's. By then guitarists had figured out that if you made it a little more subtle and had it follow distortion, it fattened up the guitar sound without sounding like an obvious gimmick.
Here's an example of more subtle use of flanging in 1977:
It does that by filtration. Specifically, comb filtering. A comb filter creates a series of narrow, harmonically-related notches that are most audible in the upper frequencies. When static, it sounds like the inside of a pipe. But when the filters' frequencies are modulated, the continually changing filters create complexity in the spectral distribution. And if your signal is already spectrally dense, e.g. distorted, you get that thick interesting sound.