The fact that it's specific to one project suggests that it is indeed plugin delay compensation, as suggested by scook above.
I'm guessing the vocal effect you're using is a reverb?
There is a trick some people use to get around the latency problem, which is to
only monitor the reverb through the computer, not the main vocal. As long as the main vocal isn't delayed the singer won't get confused, and a little lag in the reverb isn't as big a deal.
I've never done this myself, but it sounds simple enough. What you do is use your interface's zero-latency monitoring feature to listen to the vocal as it's being performed, and mute the vocal track. You put the reverb on a
bus and add a
pre-fader send from the vocal track. Now you can hear the reverb, albeit with a slight delay.