OK, you guys solved it!
I had recently replaced the original bass with Scarbee Rickenbacker (Kontakt) and also replaced the Acoustic Legends mandolin with one from Bolder Sounds. In both cases, the tracks defaulted to VS-700 Main instead of Master, which was causing the level discrepancy and a great deal of mix confusion. Obviously, the bass was the big contributor. (Not sure why the tracks did not default to Master: I have it set up as the default bus.) This particular project has 63 tracks and several buses (orchestra, female vocals, etc.) so I stupidly missed this routing issue.
In addition to solving the problem, I think we had some excellent discussion here. Many thanks for the great conversation.