a preamp is merely, well, an amplifier that brings up a signal to a level the next piece of equipment can use effectively. Reciever amplifiers for old home studios had preamps for turntables (and eq), just as mics need preamplifiers to raise their level where line level equipment can use it, or a DI raises the small signal produced by guitar pickups to line level. Most mic preamps have a di in it too.
The more experienced you become at recording, the more you hear the very subtle differences preamps especially produce. The easiest thing to find is the available gain. An external high-end preamp will have 10 - 15 dB of gain more than your garden variety interface preamp. If you are close miking or miking loud sources, your interface preamp will work very well, thank you. For softer voices etc. that extra gain makes a difference. And then you learn to use distance when miking, backing the mic off of the source if you have a half decent room, which brings out the air in a source, so it isn't a flat, 2 dimensional sound but blooms and breathes. Then you notice w/ good (read expensive) analog you start hearing the transfomers work and other high quality goodies stuffed inside these expensive boxes. Transfomers tend to round off the sound and work good w/ the "sharpness" of digital recording. And all those other good bits start reminding you of the sound of your favorite recordings which, probably, include those same bits.
And this is all at the edge of perception and is the last 10% or less of the sound, but is real if not exactly quantifiable. So you get into the placebo end of things. I hear, therefore I think. Maybe someone else doesnt hear it, but the engineer works hard to get the sound - even if he is the only one. And because he (or she) is working w/ good stuff, they don't allow themselves to compromise the sound because it sure ain't the equipment at fault.
So you don't have to go out and buy a $3000 channel strip to get a good sound, but if you keep at recording you sure would like one. There is probably very little difference between a decent $4-500 preamp and a $1500 one, but you'll find engineers - good engineers, who won't work w/ the former. Because they don't have to.
Don't let your interface preamps stop you from making good - even great recordings. It is mostly the song, anyway. But if you keep at it you'll probably discover an expensive habit.
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