Agentcalm
Good post Danny. like Larry, Im a fan of new country (jason Aldine, McGraw, Chesney etc).
I love that driving bass sound and the deep shell drums. I too am new at this and just starting to toy with effects. I take the point that everyone so far has made that there are no hard and fast rules and you just have to listen. But as a general guideline are there any effects (for example) you would put on a vocal or for that matter NEVER put on vocals. For example would you never use reverb on vocal or is reverb ok? I want to go have a look at some of those links posted earlier as i have no idea what a compressor does. I know what it does when you put air in your tires, but in music terms i dont know what these effects do.
cheers
Xave.
Thanks! Yeah those are the artists I like as well. Well, my advice to you would be, if you are just getting into this, don't worry too much about effects because they can be the death of you. Effects processing is an art in my opinion. When people use them that are new to recording, they over-use them which can bring in lots of issues into your recordings. Your best bet is to try and get your stuff to sound as good as you can without effects first.
When I say "without" I mean no verbs, chorus, delay, phaser, flanger, special effects, stereo enhancers. All this stuff can really throw you off the path. Picture it like this...
When you go out to a wedding or something, you're going to do all the necessities before you get into your suit, right? Wash your hair, shave, etc. The suit is the final touch...consider that "effects".
If you lay around for a few days, don't shave, don't shower or wash your hair, you can put on that suit and still look horrible. If you're clean with your hair combed, no out of control beard, you can wear anything and look presentable really.
My point in saying that is...no, not to upset people that have beards or don't like to comb their hair or shower. LOL! My point is, get the mix aspect right before you "dress it up." Mix and get th eq right...learn about compression. I teach my students to mix without anything other than compression and eq for the first few weeks unless someone comes to me that is a bit more advanced.
If someone cannot give me a mix that sounds good without all the bells and whistles, they have no right using the bells and whistles. When you "dress" a mix up, it doesn't make it better....it polishes it a bit more. The core of your mix shouldn't rely on effects. I'm telling you this because you mentioned you were new at this. The best advice for someone new is to stay away from effects until you can make a mix stand on it's own with the following:
1. Tracking (recording) properly: This is the most important to me because if you record garbage, you're stuck trying to fix garbage. The better your sounds and attention to detail, the shorter it takes to mix.
2. Eq: This of course allows you to tweak each instrument in the mix so they all get along well together. Get this wrong and effects will REALLY wreak havoc on you.
3. Panning: This to me is another important one. You have 200 pan fields. Use them to keep instruments out of each others way. Don't pan too wide and don't pan too narrow. This is cool to experiment with...but what you do here alters the stereo field and can make you or break you. So find that happy medium.
4. Volume leveling: This of course balances your mix to where you can hear everything at all times...and in some spots, hear certain instruments a little less. Automation is huge here...which is the ability to have something move per your instructions that would require you to have more arms, hands and fingers. You get the above things down, you're really making gains as an engineer. THEN you can experiment with some effects.
5. Compression: Though I wish it was as easy as the thing that fills up your tire, it's probably the most confusing effect in the the mixing realm because it has so many variables, there are so many of them, and just about everyone has their own idea as to what compression is as well as how much to use. This is something you need to read about while experimenting so you can hear as well as see the effects of a compressor. What helped me the best, was someone literally showing me what a compressor good and bad, should sound like. So that's how I show my students when we work with this animal.
There are several ways to use it. Let's forget about it as an effect for a second (though it will always be considered effect, but in my world, the most important part of a compressor is "the necessity" part) and talk about the dire need which to me is less effect, more consistency. The compressor (in short) when used correctly, is going to keep things at a more consistent level. It will keep sounds that lash out, under control and sounds that are low...it will bring them up a bit to keep them consistent. This is really important when you have instruments like bass guitar going all over the place because the player may not be very good, or the bass may not be set up correctly. Quick scenario..
A bassist playing a cheapo bass has not set up the action on that bass and he also uses a pick. When he picks, it's very percussive and sounds well....not quite like a good bassist should sound. Also when he plays, the strings that are closer to his pick-ups are louder than the strings that are further away from his picl-ups.
So you have this dude blasting notes all over the place that are very percussive due to his pick and the notes are louder and lower all over while being inconsistent. A compressor set the right way as well as with an eq, can totally cure this problem or at least make it 90% more tolerable. You will probably still have to run some volume automation to keep the bass consistent, but the compressor and the right eq will help you make this bass sound a little more...well, like a good bass sound. There's way more to it than that...but I just wanted to give you a rough idea. I have a client so I'm typing this up really fast for you.
You asked about what effects on a vocal...to be honest with you, there are no rules as to what you can or cannot use. As long as what you use doesn't bury your actual performance and is enhancing more than degrading, enjoy yourself. Your best bet is everything in moderation...then again, it depends on the material and the person performing.
Reverb is fine as long as you keep the tails/decay small and don't make is sound like you are singing in a tunnel. Unless of course there is a part of a song where you WANT to sound like you're in a tunnel. But vocals are pretty much open season. I'm currently working on a song from David Draiman (singer from Disturbed) to where he has effects on his vocal prints unlike anything I've ever heard before. These effects make his voice what it is for his music. Would I use them? Heck no, but it's what he likes. Chorus, verbs, delay, filtering, pitch and octave stuff, you name it, he uses it.
So there really aren't any rules other than the ones you make for yourself. Just remember, most times, less is more unless you have a reason to go for more. I like to hear the delay on my guitar solo's where other engineers live by "if you can hear the delay on your guitar, you're using too much." If you are a clean player/singer etc, use as much effect as you feel you need without hiding behind the effects. If you have so much effect present that people can no longer understand you...then you know you're using too much. Hope this helps....good luck. :)
-Danny