• SONAR
  • Mixing County Music (p.2)
2013/06/05 13:02:20
jerrypettit
Chuck Ainlay, mentioned above, has his own set of plug-in settings to Toontrack's EZMix2 which are country-oriented.  
 
http://www.toontrack.com/products.asp?item=106
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8Gztqp_dvM
2013/06/05 13:20:05
konradh
One inherent issue is that Country is a now more of a marketing term than a stylistic description.  Taylor Swift, for example, served the purpose of bringing a younger demographic to the country segment.  Her music is almost nothing like what some would call traditional country.
 
If you are looking for a specific recommendation, buy EZMIX 2 and put the effect called Firm Kick on your kick track. 
 
General recommendations:
• Boost kick in 50-60 range slightly and cut around 300
• Boost bass around 300 SLIGHTLY, only if needed, and boost around 1K somewhere if you need definition
• If acoustic guitars sound boxy, cut around 800.  Sweep the EQ a little to find the right spot
• Cut guitars below 100
• Cut bass below 60 and maybe below 100
• On the guitar and bass, use the HPF but stop as soon as you hear the it getting thin
 
 
2013/06/05 14:18:51
Jim Roseberry
Some good advice already... which I'll echo
 
There isn't a set of EQ guidelines for Country, Rock, Hip-hop, etc...
Rather, think of EQ as being a sculpting tool.  That's exactly what it is...
Instead of chipping away stone, you're chipping away parts of audio that you don't want... and enhancing the desired parts.
What you do with the EQ is entirely dependent on the source... and what you're trying to achieve.
As Mike mentioned, use some reference audio (similar style that you like)... and make sure your mix sounds similar.
Listen to the vocal in particular.  Listen to the bottom, mids, and top.
More than likely, you'll want to run a high-pass filter... and maybe enhance the mids and top.  But don't just blanketly boost the mids/top.
Listen to the vocal... and only do so if needed.
We have such easy access to so many different processors (plugins), it's all too easy to go overboard.
 
Start at the source.  Try to get the sound right when recording.  
If the vocal performance is captured well (good performance with a mic that's suits the singer/situation)... it really doesn't need a whole lot of processing.
 
Mixing is just another form of trouble-shooting/problem-solving.
Once you get a handle on how to solve specific issues (chip away what you don't want, enhance what you do), mixing will be much more intuitive.
2013/06/05 14:47:38
AT
modern country like Swift is just pop w/ a twang.  All the rules apply, except for the Cher effect ;-)
 
But really, the thing that makes mixing fun is capturing the correct sound.  That means room, mic, preamp and coverter.  That assumes you have a good performer and performance.  Short of buying the perfect match for each instrument - 1076 for guitar, manley 1176 channel and more stuff for the drums you can shake a stick at, it helps to have a one good channel or two and a simple mic closet w/ a decent lcd, pair of sdc, a ribbon and as many dynamics as you need for your drum kit.  Preamps - if you want a more modern sound, the ISA One is a good candidate.  Vintage, the Warm Audio WA12.  Those are both preamps you won't want to get rid of even when you get better ones.  Same for the RNP, which is cheaper and a stereo unit.  We are talking about degrees here, but a good preamp has lot 'o gain and they don't crap out.  Which means you can get the most out of your mics and position them better.
 
As far as mixing, once you have good capture, I've found the mixing becomes a matter of aquired knowledge and taste since you aren't trying to "fix" anything.  There are no doubt ways people mix styles of music, but more of it is the engineer's style.  And developing your style and techniques means trying everything you've read or you hear and keeping what works for you.
 
@
2013/06/05 15:38:43
Danny Danzi
Excellent advice from Middleman and Jim Roseberry, Larry.
 
It's pretty easy for most of us to say "yeah, that sounds great" or "uggh, that sounds terrible." The biggest hurdle for you given the advice you've been given is "ok, I can hear when something is good, I can hear when something is bad....how the heck do I fix something if it's not quite right and how do I get X or Y results?"
 
This doesn't come from listening and learning alone. You may very well need someone to teach you what and how to listen. The problem here is, the first step in knowing what to listen for is whether or not you can even trust your monitors to begin with. If your monitors aren't tuned and you have issues with your room, you could have all the best advice in the world at your finger tips and still fail profusely.
 
So the first thing is to make sure your mix environment is where it needs to be.
 
Next, you mention country ballads....do you mean modern country or box car willy type stuff...like older country western? See, the reason I ask is, today's country is pretty much 80's pop rock. The instruments are effected with reverbs, delays, and anything else that is considered in most other styles, a no no. We have big rock drum sounds in country music today...rockin' high gain guitar sounds, basses with sub lows, and thinner acoustic guitars so they fit them in the mix with all the other instruments. Modern country is much more involved in my opinion than the older sounding country stuff. They really paint pictures with sounds today where the older stuff (though still great) is way less production oriented than things are today. The pop stuff is an artform all in its own, seriously.
 
So the older style country will be easier yet still have its hurdles, but the more modern stuff is loaded with production all over. Every thing you can think of is in this pop country stuff minus auto-tune to the point of sounding fake and robotic. Put it this way...
 
I'm a rocker/metal head. I absolutely HATE recording and mixing modern rock or metal. Why? Simple...all they want is loud and compressed. They don't "produce" anything. With modern country, I'm actually challenged in a good way as an engineer. Compression isn't the only effect in the arsenal. LOL! I welcome country artists with open arms when they come to me and cringe when the newer rock acts come in.
 
So you'll definitely be challenged in a few areas with this stuff, but if you do a little soul searching as well as investigating into the right areas, you should get yourself on the right track. Best of luck!
 
-Danny
2013/06/05 18:26:26
Agentcalm
Good post Danny.  like Larry, Im a fan of new country (jason Aldine, McGraw, Chesney etc).
I love that driving bass sound and the deep shell drums.  I too am new at this and just starting to toy with effects.  I take the point that everyone so far has made that there are no hard and fast rules and you just have to listen.  But as a general guideline are there any effects (for example) you would put on a vocal or for that matter NEVER put on vocals.  For example would you never use reverb on vocal or is reverb ok?   I want to go have a look at some of those links posted earlier as i have no idea what a compressor does.  I know what it does when you put air in your tires, but in music terms i dont know what these effects do.
cheers
Xave. 
2013/06/05 19:23:29
Danny Danzi
Agentcalm
Good post Danny.  like Larry, Im a fan of new country (jason Aldine, McGraw, Chesney etc).
I love that driving bass sound and the deep shell drums.  I too am new at this and just starting to toy with effects.  I take the point that everyone so far has made that there are no hard and fast rules and you just have to listen.  But as a general guideline are there any effects (for example) you would put on a vocal or for that matter NEVER put on vocals.  For example would you never use reverb on vocal or is reverb ok?   I want to go have a look at some of those links posted earlier as i have no idea what a compressor does.  I know what it does when you put air in your tires, but in music terms i dont know what these effects do.
cheers
Xave. 




Thanks! Yeah those are the artists I like as well. Well, my advice to you would be, if you are just getting into this, don't worry too much about effects because they can be the death of you. Effects processing is an art in my opinion. When people use them that are new to recording, they over-use them which can bring in lots of issues into your recordings. Your best bet is to try and get your stuff to sound as good as you can without effects first.
 
When I say "without" I mean no verbs, chorus, delay, phaser, flanger, special effects, stereo enhancers. All this stuff can really throw you off the path. Picture it like this...
 
When you go out to a wedding or something, you're going to do all the necessities before you get into your suit, right? Wash your hair, shave, etc. The suit is the final touch...consider that "effects".
 
If you lay around for a few days, don't shave, don't shower or wash your hair, you can put on that suit and still look horrible. If you're clean with your hair combed, no out of control beard, you can wear anything and look presentable really.
 
My point in saying that is...no, not to upset people that have beards or don't like to comb their hair or shower. LOL! My point is, get the mix aspect right before you "dress it up." Mix and get th eq right...learn about compression. I teach my students to mix without anything other than compression and eq for the first few weeks unless someone comes to me that is a bit more advanced.
 
If someone cannot give me a mix that sounds good without all the bells and whistles, they have no right using the bells and whistles. When you "dress" a mix up, it doesn't make it better....it polishes it a bit more. The core of your mix shouldn't rely on effects. I'm telling you this because you mentioned you were new at this. The best advice for someone new is to stay away from effects until you can make a mix stand on it's own with the following:
 
1. Tracking (recording) properly: This is the most important to me because if you record garbage, you're stuck trying to fix garbage. The better your sounds and attention to detail, the shorter it takes to mix.
 
2. Eq: This of course allows you to tweak each instrument in the mix so they all get along well together. Get this wrong and effects will REALLY wreak havoc on you.
 
3. Panning: This to me is another important one. You have 200 pan fields. Use them to keep instruments out of each others way. Don't pan too wide and don't pan too narrow. This is cool to experiment with...but what you do here alters the stereo field and can make you or break you. So find that happy medium.
 
4. Volume leveling: This of course balances your mix to where you can hear everything at all times...and in some spots, hear certain instruments a little less. Automation is huge here...which is the ability to have something move per your instructions that would require you to have more arms, hands and fingers. You get the above things down, you're really making gains as an engineer. THEN you can experiment with some effects.
 
5. Compression: Though I wish it was as easy as the thing that fills up your tire, it's probably the most confusing effect in the the mixing realm because it has so many variables, there are so many of them, and just about everyone has their own idea as to what compression is as well as how much to use. This is something you need to read about while experimenting so you can hear as well as see the effects of a compressor. What helped me the best, was someone literally showing me what a compressor good and bad, should sound like. So that's how I show my students when we work with this animal.
 
There are several ways to use it. Let's forget about it as an effect for a second (though it will always be considered effect, but in my world, the most important part of a compressor is "the necessity" part) and talk about the dire need which to me is less effect, more consistency. The compressor (in short) when used correctly, is going to keep things at a more consistent level. It will keep sounds that lash out, under control and sounds that are low...it will bring them up a bit to keep them consistent. This is really important when you have instruments like bass guitar going all over the place because the player may not be very good, or the bass may not be set up correctly. Quick scenario..
 
A bassist playing a cheapo bass has not set up the action on that bass and he also uses a pick. When he picks, it's very percussive and sounds well....not quite like a good bassist should sound. Also when he plays, the strings that are closer to his pick-ups are louder than the strings that are further away from his picl-ups.
 
So you have this dude blasting notes all over the place that are very percussive due to his pick and the notes are louder and lower all over while being inconsistent. A compressor set the right way as well as with an eq, can totally cure this problem or at least make it 90% more tolerable. You will probably still have to run some volume automation to keep the bass consistent, but the compressor and the right eq will help you make this bass sound a little more...well, like a good bass sound. There's way more to it than that...but I just wanted to give you a rough idea. I have a client so I'm typing this up really fast for you.
 
You asked about what effects on a vocal...to be honest with you, there are no rules as to what you can or cannot use. As long as what you use doesn't bury your actual performance and is enhancing more than degrading, enjoy yourself. Your best bet is everything in moderation...then again, it depends on the material and the person performing.
 
Reverb is fine as long as you keep the tails/decay small and don't make is sound like you are singing in a tunnel. Unless of course there is a part of a song where you WANT to sound like you're in a tunnel. But vocals are pretty much open season. I'm currently working on a song from David Draiman (singer from Disturbed) to where he has effects on his vocal prints unlike anything I've ever heard before. These effects make his voice what it is for his music. Would I use them? Heck no, but it's what he likes. Chorus, verbs, delay, filtering, pitch and octave stuff, you name it, he uses it.
 
So there really aren't any rules other than the ones you make for yourself. Just remember, most times, less is more unless you have a reason to go for more. I like to hear the delay on my guitar solo's where other engineers live by "if you can hear the delay on your guitar, you're using too much." If you are a clean player/singer etc, use as much effect as you feel you need without hiding behind the effects. If you have so much effect present that people can no longer understand you...then you know you're using too much. Hope this helps....good luck. :)
 
-Danny
2013/06/05 19:41:46
Middleman
Danny tweaked my reverb thoughts. I completely agree that a group of aux fx busses is a monster unto itself which you must learn to tame. There is nothing like bad effects to take your mix into the amateur class.
 
There are so many bad reverb and delay plugins, even if you use a low cost external box, it at least seperates from the vocal which is what you want. Many plugins sound either buried/muffled/2D or conflicting with the vocal, worse yet pinging in an annoying register. Even my low cost TCM1 and Lexicon MX200 sound better than most plugins because they are not flat sounding like many of the reverb plugins.
 
You mentioned sheen in your last question, I might direct you to the Sonnox EQ not that affordable but it does that.  
2013/06/05 23:27:16
lawajava
The Groove3 Mixing Rock with Sonar X1 is excellent. It takes you step by step through mixing a whole song. It's kind of a country rock song he uses as the example song. Not a ballad for sure.

However his explanation of what to listen for and actually using the tools of Sonar are very helpful. I've re-watched through this tutorial several times because it is very practical.

It's not a tour of features like most books or tutorials, it's a demonstration of things to work on to make the mix work for your needs. I recommend it for your inquiry here.
2013/06/06 09:09:09
Guitarhacker
Mixing country..... hmmmmmm.
 
Larry, I certainly love country. Writing, recording and mixing it.
 
It depends greatly on whether it's old traditional stuff like Haggard and Jones, or the new stuff like Swift and Aldean. 
 
There are no formulas that one can point to and say.. there ya go, do this or that.
 
I recommend listening closely, very closely to what the producers, engineers and musicians in Nashville are all doing on the style of country music that you prefer to write, record and mix.
 
For example, in traditional country (not so much in the modern stuff) the lead vocal stands out quite well and the music is there to support the lead vocalist (the star) but in some of the new stuff, the vocal is a bit further down in the mix like pop or rock tends to be. Overall though, a country vocal is hard to miss.
 
Listen to the individual instruments. Quite often the instruments are not playing all the way through. A fiddle for example might only appear in the song in a few places...a few fill licks and part of a solo. Same with piano. Pay attention to the details like that.
 
Very often in a first verse you will only hear the drums, bass and perhaps a light piano or acoustic guitar. As the song progresses, additional instruments get layered in. Use envelopes and hard enveloping.
 
As far as eq and fx... less is more in country and aim for a full balanced sound. No weird eq curves or vocal FX.
 
My FX stable on the majority of the songs I do consist of Ozone 4 custom preset tweezed in the master buss and Cakewalk's Studioverb2* on a mild setting (*sometimes) ... pretty much nothing else in the master.
I set up sub busses for guitar and vocals and on occasion other things as I feel the need. In a vocal bus, for example, I may add another instance of O4 and only use the EQ module to do low cut.... the middle freqs generally stay flat and then a bit of a drop off on the really high end. I may also use another Studioverb2 lightly to blend the vox with dark plate no more than 15 or so often less.
In the track fx bins, I often leave them totally empty. Exceptions are drums and piano. I have a few custom presets I use to brighten the piano a bit and for punch and high end clarity for snare on the drum kit.
I do tend to use some mild compression on acoustic guitar and mandolin but not always.
 
Basically, I have the rhythm section...drums, bass, and backing instrument (usually acoustic guitar doubled and panned) playing the entire song. They should be clean and not "in the way" of anything else. Laying down the groove. Then I use envelopes to bring the other instruments in and out as needed to complete the production vision I have for the song.
 
Vocals are usually the last thing I work on. I lay down a scratch track vocal to do the instrument tracking and know where I am in the song, but after I get the instrument production at around the 90% satisfaction level, I will begin the vocal recording. Depending on the song, I will usually record between 1 to 5 vocal tracks. One lead, two lead doubles and 2 harmony tracks if harmony is desired. I select the best lead track and generally work through it manually with Melodyne fixing and tweezing. The harmony and doubled tracks do not get the Melodyne treatment. I leave them raw, because the imperfections add character and they are mixed pretty far down so they are not exactly standing out. Exception to a BGV fix is if it's really bad. I also envelope them hard ... listen to FLY and pay attention to the BGV.
 
After the vox tracks are done and level envelopes set, I work on the final tweezes to the mix. Listening to see if the eq, reverb, levels, and instrumentation is where I want it... too much or too little...
 
The goal is to have the mix sound full and balanced, where the listener is not distracted by excess verb or strange EQ, or weird FX, while at the same time, being able to clearly and cleanly hear each instrument in the mix as it plays. My general rule of thumb.... not always followed is that "generally" only one solo instrument will play at a given time..... not always, but generally. I broke this rule in the last song I did called FLY. I have the acoustic and the mandolin playing together and in a short section the fiddle also joins in.... It's a matter of what you think works in a given situation.
 
I always start the project, recording the first tracks, with the end in mind. You should approach it with the premise that the track will not need to have FX in it to fix it. Get a good solid recording from the start and don't rely on the "fix it in the mix" mind set. That will make your mixing job easier. 
 
What it comes down to is,  listen to the target country style, reverse engineer it, and learn what they do so you can replicate it in your studio.
 
My usual list of plugs that I use: The cakewalk default Studioverb2, the Cakewalk Parametric EQ, and Ozone 4.
I generally don't use much more then those 3, and I have presets in each I use as a starting point.
 
Hope this helps you.....
 
 
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