Thanks for the replies!
To shed some more light on the situation: this is a new DAW (so there just was a clean install) that I did some "stress-testing" on. The project used for this purpose is actually the demo project that came with Sonar, so all the plug-ins and soft synths are pure Cakewalk ... and all available inputs are set to record to some of the sub-mixes that I sent out and back in via outboard gear or directly (cables connecting OUTs to INs) ...
Overall, the test delivered very pleasing results: No problem to track 28 channels while having several headphone, sub-mixes etc. at lowest latency settings. No glitches, no crashes, no problem to track 30+ minutes ...
So the only oddity I encountered was this master bus going silent, and this only happening in loop mode ... I had to post this as it'll make me look real stupid if that happens with people looking over my shoulder if I can't fix it ...
Anyway, if it's FX that causing it, I have a good starting point where to look ... it was definitely not a system overload (freezing synths didn't help, neither did higher buffer settings)