Using the US2400 here with no issues. However, the Tascam is very quirky, especially when you add or remove a USB device prior to opening Cakewalk.
I have had serveral instances where the unit has done excatly as you have described going back as far back as Sonar 6. Try the following, I'm at work so I appologize if I get file names wrong:
Copy the AUD.ini and tesq(??).ini files to another folder for safe keeping (especially if you use friendly names.)
Go to the control surface menu and delete the Tascam completely from this control surface setup page
delete the aud.ini file (I'm at work and can't remember the exact location of these files)
delete the tesq.ini file
close Sonar
disconnect power from the Tascam
reboot your machine
reapply power to your Tascam
open Sonar (I believe you will be prompted to do an Audio scan of your system. This is normal)
go to the Control Surface menu and set up the Tascam again
you may have to do the 3-finger salute (shift-function-select) something like that
Hopefully this will fix things up.