Ok, first of all, any cable that transfers a digital signal is not going to affect audio quality. USB cables are digital, as are hdmi, DVI, and midi cables.
Digital is either on or off, it either works or it doesn't. If you have a poor signal, you will hear loud noticeable digital distortion or have connectivity issues. In other words, you will know when your cable is cheap.
Now, with that said, the usb standard can have some pretty flaky power issues that can negatively affect connectivity on usb powered devices. For instance, you may have a usb audio interface, and it may not always work correctly, lock up, or not be found because the data is not transferring correctly and/or the device isn't getting enough power.
My DAW has 7 usb devices connected (all usb powered):
keyboard, mouse, Novation SL2, Mackie Blackjack, iLok, Propellerheads key, and Arturia Spark.
I had problems getting all the different devices working when all connected at the same time when I was using lower quality cables. Replacing with thicker cables with ferrite coils on either side, and making sure my motherboard has all it's updates (bios and drivers) fixed the problems. The "better" cables I used cost me about $5 each at a local computer store.
Same with my HDTV, $5 HDMI cables that perform flawlessly in 1080p.
Go cheap, but smart on digital cables. Go mid-range or preferably balanced on analog cables. And for digital and analog, always choose the shortest cables and fattest that will fit your setup.