After zooming in and out with keyboard-shortcuts:
 
When I click in the trackview (also in the timeruler), then the vertical line jumps to a completly other measure.
Maybe I click to measure 200, then it plays measure 200 - but the vertical line ist 20 measures left and shows measure 180.
That's awful - I love to zoom in and out with shortcuts.

I forgot to say:  It's the "fast" zoom shortcut.

I'm not seeing it happen here but maybe I'm not doing what you are.

I can zoom in and out both vertical and horizontal using the various keyboard shortcuts.

When you say fast zoom do you mean the little icon that when selected opens a fast acting scroll bar? I think the behavior you're describing is the way it's supposed to work.

In the track window select Options and see which of the 2 options - On Stop rewind to Now marker or Set now time with full restart.

You may need to choose which of these you select. You can choose one or the other, neither or both

That is not the problem.
I have shortcuts for fast zoom:
i --> fast zoom in
o --> fast zoom out.
After zooming (with the shortcuts) Now time is not synchronized with the running vertical timeline:
By playing music, the measure shown in "Big Time" is not the same as shown by the running vertical timeline.
In other words: Big Time says I'm playing measure 200, but the vertical timeline is running in measure 180.
The timeline is not synchronized (up to 100 measures) with the playing Now Time.
It only happens by fast zooming with shortcuts.

This is intentional behavior that avoids situation where the rug gets ripped out from under you. You can start auto scrolling again by right-clicking the top half of the time ruler.