They didn't need to change anything, they just took the time to verify it and release a statement of official support. MS tends to change very little in the application API precisely to maintain compatibility with older apps, and even goes so far as to create workarounds for specific things. So basically anything that works on Windows 8 will work on Windows 10. It would be a very rare program that does something tricky, probably using a kernel module, that would have an issue.
I mean I still run games that are very, very old on my system. I play Baldur's Gate from time to time. On the box it says "Requires Windows 95/98 with DirectX 8.0 or better." Has no problems in 8.1 though.
But, most companies are pretty lazy about testing. So a new version of windows comes out and they don't test their stuff with it. If they release a statement at all it is something along the lines of "Any problems you have are your fault, we haven't tested this," so that they can just disclaim responsibility. If it is old software that isn't being updated anymore they just leave the compatibility listing as is (as with Baldur's Gate) if it is newer stuff, they get around to updating it eventually, usually when a new major version drops.
Cakewalk was just really on the stick with official testing and support. Doesn't mean the older versions don't work fine, they do. I bet any of them released for 32-bit Windows work just fine. Just means they ran a set of tests on the latest one to make sure it works well, and are proclaiming official support. They are doing it for two big reasons:
1) Cakewalk has a history of being up on the latest tech and Windows trends. It has been a big thing for them. New tech comes out, they jump on it much faster than competitors. So it was with 64-bit support which they were very quick with, and other things like that.
2) More importantly, they are trying to sell people on the new pricing model. You may notice more than a few people have been skeptical or openly hostile to the new way of selling Sonar. What they are doing to combat that is trying to show how fast you get new features and support. So this is part of that. They made sure they were ready for Windows 10 and could release an update which they could then bless as officially supported, demonstrating to people the advantage of not having to wait.