With regards to the actual license for Windows 10: If you upgrade, it is locked to that computer and Microsoft has chosen to define "computer" as your motherboard. Replace that, you need a new license. Keep it, and you should be able to change out anything else you like as often as you like. If you do a reinstall, ignore the key entry field in the installer, it'll activate when it connects to the Internet the first time.
For the retail copy, you can move it system to system but if you do it too much it'll stop working and you'll have to call MS. Usually an easy process just requires more time on the phone than you should have to spend. It generally tracks systems by a constellation of hardware, and can deal with changes without reactivation so long as not too many things change in too short a time. So if you swap a drive, no problem. Next month swap a GPU, no problem. However swap your board, CPU, HDD, GPU and audio card all at once, it'll probably want to reactivate.