My sole goal is to create songs in my head and translate EXACTLY what I hear in my head (not just the notes, but the exact sounds [instruments] that play).  I am, in fact, already able to create tunes and such in my head that I deem to be good.  Though my ability is good in this area, I am completely terrible when it comes to getting the notes out and such how I hear them in my head.  So I will need training in terms of being able to translate the notes in my head as well as being able to replicate the sounds of the instruments in my head.  Could you explain exactly what training I will need in order to become good at those things?

You could study music at college. Or prepare yourself for a lifetime learning to play one or more instruments, and learning about composition, melody and harmony by trial and error (like most of us here I would guess)
 
If you're looking for a short cut, there ain't one.

Mozart Link
My sole goal is to create songs in my head and translate EXACTLY what I hear in my head (not just the notes, but the exact sounds [instruments] that play).  I am, in fact, already able to create tunes and such in my head that I deem to be good.  Though my ability is good in this area, I am completely terrible when it comes to getting the notes out and such how I hear them in my head.  So I will need training in terms of being able to translate the notes in my head as well as being able to replicate the sounds of the instruments in my head.  Could you explain exactly what training I will need in order to become good at those things?

Asking for what exact training you will need is impossible.  The question is too broad.  You need to just start recording one of your ideas and keep working on it until it resembles what you heard in your head.  Sometimes just laying down ideas changes the idea as you start to work with it.  Kinda like molding something with clay.  Just start doing it and many of your questions will get answered in your own head based on your own process.

 

I think there's an APP for that. 

IMO trying to study emotions in music is like the famous "Professional mastering" button so many are looking for in DAWs. 
Unfortunately, the way you seem to think of music as chemistry and mathematics makes me think: If you have to ask that, you'll never understand it. You need a certain amount of skills and experience, of course, but if you need to start asking about emotions, then you're lost. You either have them, or you don't. It's like a robot in a sci-fi story asking for the key of being human.
There are hundreds of thousands of technically excellent composers and millions of good musicians in the world, but the minor differences that lift some of them to popularity or otherwise above the others are not pre-calculatable.

Mozart Link
 For example, if you wanted to create a song that is happy, music theory would just simply say to do that, you would use a major scale (the white keys)

Umm..no. Try playing the white keys from the A above middle C to the octave above. A minor scale. Ask Bapu, he can play Am with one note.

WUM

You may well be right.

I always just make guitar face. :-)

jamesg1213
You may well be right.

I may be crazy.