I only know about acidosis because it came up in my research regarding back pain, a subject I became somewhat obsessed with during the year when I was crippled by it. I do suspect that Karyn's closer to the truth on this, that the corrosive quality of sweat is probably more about salts than pH.
Anybody who lives in New England can attest to the affect of salt on metal. Just look at the underside of a 10+ year-old car that's been driven on salted roads every winter. It's the reason you have so-called "sacrificial anodes" on your boat if it sits in salt water, to keep your prop from dissolving.
At one time SeveredVesper, a once-frequent forum poster who's since been traded to the Steinberg team, complained that guitar strings purchased in the Philippines were sometimes corroded right out of the package. I put him in touch with another once-frequent poster, Stringmaster, who manufactures guitar strings at Dunlop. It was an interesting conversation, something the folks at Dunlop had been struggling with for a while. Their best solution, as suggested above, was coated strings.
The problem is that sweat eats through the coating even faster, so that at best it forestalls corrosion by a few days. I guess the only answer is changing them frequently.
I wonder, though, if the composition of the strings makes a difference. Isn't nickel a component? It doesn't corrode. Following that logic, maybe the solution is switching to nylon strings!