I like to change K ref levels. I like working between K-14 and K-20. I think there is an art to reading a VU meter. The real ones seem to make a fraction easier.
When I am doing a mixdown of a pre master I will go for a total reading on my VU's so the needle is just reaching 0 dB VU for most of the mix. Right now I am doing a mix for guy and I have decided to make K-14 my ref level on this.
The VU needle will read low from 0 dB VU and sometimes goes a little over but not wildly go over at anytime. There is some point where the needle tends to hover and be a lot of the time. That is the point to get around
0 dB VU. After I replay this I get an identical reading back and there should be no reason why it should not.
A bit of the skill is in getting the needle to averaging around this 0 dB point. You may be setting it a little low if there is wild swinging. You tend to limit the upper level of wild swinging to around 0 dB VU instead. But then the average level ends up a little low.
When a mix is doing well the ballistics of the needle seem to be a certain way where it just hits 0 dB VU and not go much over but the transients are still present and punchy. Then you can creep the rms level of that needle movement to being right on 0 dB VU.
(you can practice looking at great mixes on VU's such as Steely Dan's 'Everything Must Go' CD) Wild swinging of the VU at mixdown means something is responsible and it usually only one thing as well. Just have to track it down. Do some editing, reset any dynamics processing on that track and you are away. The wild swinging in the main mix has gone now. Now the VU is showing much more of average level and you can adjust it now to sit right up at 0 dB VU. You can easily add 3 to 4 dB of rms gain once wild swinging of the VU is under control in a mix.