John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:31:23
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John and Undertow, you are attempting to explain the finer points of sampling theory to someone who only possesses an intuitive understanding of the subject. Recommend a good book on the subject and invite him to come back in a year to discuss it further. You're 100% right.
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rabeach
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:36:11
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bitflipper "On two occasions, I have been asked [by members of Parliament], 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' I am not able to rightly apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question." - Charles Babbage John and Undertow, you are attempting to explain the finer points of sampling theory to someone who only possesses an intuitive understanding of the subject. Recommend a good book on the subject and invite him to come back in a year to discuss it further. bitflipper maybe it's not me missing the finner points. I have stated that sampling higher than the nyquist rate on audio signals will produce a better reconstructed signal. I have made no claim that it can be heard. I have made no point of argument that one should do so.
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rabeach
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:44:06
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UnderTow rabeach To dismiss outright that a more accurately reconstructed signal has no value because you can't hear it in double blind studies with current technology is IMHO short sided at best. Obviously a more accurately reconstructed signal can be quantified and perceived just not with your auditory sensory receptors using current technology. You don't get it: The audible signal will not be more accurately reconstructed by increasing the bandwidth. Again, you are clearly out of your depth with this topic. UnderTow what is this post in reference to?
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:47:38
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I have stated that sampling higher than the nyquist rate on audio signals will produce a better reconstructed signal I am saying that isn't so. It wont create any better signal. Is that clear enough? I have made no claim that it can be heard. I have made no point of argument that one should do so. Then why argue? What you are saying here is it has been a pointless exercise to you.
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rabeach
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:57:23
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John I have stated that sampling higher than the nyquist rate on audio signals will produce a better reconstructed signal I am saying that isn't so. It wont create any better signal. Is that clear enough? I have made no claim that it can be heard. I have made no point of argument that one should do so. Then why argue? What you are saying here is it has been a pointless exercise to you. Is it clear enough that you are wrong get a frigging oscilloscope. It is the fundamental building block of digital sampling and calculus for that matter. Nyquist quantifies the limits based on a special case. Yes these limits work in the audio domain. Nyquist doesn't say that sampling at higher frequencies won't provide better reconstruction in this case because nyquist doesn't apply to finite time signals..
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 18:59:17
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Is it clear enough that you are wrong get a frigging oscilloscope. I own two of them.
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rabeach
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 19:39:31
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John Is it clear enough that you are wrong get a frigging oscilloscope. I own two of them. Then run a test. At 44.1k sampling frequency 44100 sample (reading of the amplitude) are taken every second of the incoming finite time analog signal. At 48k sampling frequency 48000 samples (reading of the amplitude) are taken every second of the incoming finite time analog signal. It cannot be disputed that the 48k will provide a better reconstruction of the original analog finite time signal. To what degree and to what worth is what this thread has become about.
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 19:51:40
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It cannot be disputed that the 48k will provide a better reconstruction of the original analog finite time signal. To what degree and to what worth is what this thread has become about. Wrong. All a 48 kHz sample rate will do is allow a 24 kHz signal to pass. Yes that 24 kHz signal will be accurate. But, and this is the point, at a 44.1 kHz sample rate a 20 kHz signal will also pass and it will be just as accurate as the same signal sampled at 48 kHz. This is what you don't get.
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rabeach
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 20:49:02
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John It cannot be disputed that the 48k will provide a better reconstruction of the original analog finite time signal. To what degree and to what worth is what this thread has become about. Wrong. All a 48 kHz sample rate will do is allow a 24 kHz signal to pass. Yes that 24 kHz signal will be accurate. But, and this is the point, at a 44.1 kHz sample rate a 20 kHz signal will also pass and it will be just as accurate as the same signal sampled at 48 kHz. This is what you don't get. Once again you completely miss the point and continue to post incorrect information. I'm just tired of reading nonsense being posted in regards to nyquist and finite time signals. It is unfortunate that no one seems to understand the difference in finite time signals and infinite time signals. You and UnderTow assume that 44.1k will be the standard for all time. It will not be. In fact in less than two decades variable frequency sampling will be the standard. Have a good day.
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bitflipper
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 21:17:12
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I have stated that sampling higher than the nyquist rate on audio signals will produce a better reconstructed signal. Well, there is a degree of truth to this. But it's irrelevant. Bear with me on this, rabeach. First, "sampling higher than the nyquist rate" is meaningless. There is no such thing as a "nyquist rate". There is, however, a "Nyquist frequency", but it's not any specific frequency. The term is used to describe the minimum sample frequency for a given bandwidth. Raising the sample frequency increases the possible bandwidth that can be captured, so the Nyquist frequency is determined by the highest audio frequency you want to capture. Second, the sampling theorem specifically applies to a band-limited system. That means you decide up front what bandwidth you need and go from there. There is no such thing as sampling an unlimited bandwidth. You always start with the premise that there is a specific bandwidth you're interested in. Why is this "band-limited system" idea so important? Because it determines what a properly reconstructed signal should look like. For example, if you sample a 20KHz square wave at 44.1KHz the reconstructed waveform will NOT be square, it will be a sine wave. (This, I think, is where you're going off track, because if you were to increase the sample rate you would indeed get something more closely resembling a square wave - although still far from square). Why am I willing to accept a 20KHz sine wave as a reasonable facsimile of the original square wave? Because I cannot hear any difference between the two! Not just me, nobody can. Not even dogs and bats. That's because it's the odd harmonics that make a square wave square, and what make it sound different from other waveshapes. For a 20KHz fundamental, the frequency of the first odd harmonic is 60KHz, the next is 100KHz, and the next is 1400KHz - all of them far beyond audibility. Losing them does not change the perceived sound at all. So if you start with the presumption that only audible frequencies need to be recorded, then there is no need to capture anything beyond 20KHz. That is the definition of a band-limited system, the prerequisite for the application of sampling theory, and setting that maximum frequency is what allows us to capture data digitally in the first place. This idea that frequencies can be just cast away may seem counter-intuitive, but you can easily demonstrate it for yourself. Don't use 20KHz, since most people can't hear that anyway; use 10KHz instead. Using a signal generator, record a 10Khz square wave at the highest sampling rate your interface supports. At 192KHz you can capture the first three harmonics, which won't yield a truly square-looking wave, but it will obviously not be a sine wave, either. Then record a 10Khz sine wave. Now do a blind A/B test to see if you can tell the difference. If your interface is working properly, you won't be able to. The reason is that those extra frequencies you captured simply don't matter because you cannot hear them. So at the end of the day, you are right: the higher sampling rate will indeed capture a broader bandwidth and thus preserve the original waveform better. However, it doesn't matter in the slightest.
All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. My Stuff
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A1MixMan
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 21:28:18
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bitflipper So at the end of the day, you are right: the higher sampling rate will indeed capture a broader bandwidth and thus preserve the original waveform better. However, it doesn't matter in the slightest.
And that is why most classical recordings are done at 96kHz, right?
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bitflipper
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 21:48:21
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I suspect most classical recordings are done at 96K because that's how they've always been done, starting back in the days when ADCs did not employ oversampling. The earliest digital recordings were classical pieces, and although some of them were pretty good, far more were not. Digital audio got a bad reputation back then as a result. I know you're a proponent of high sample rates, A1. I am not here to tell you not to do it. In fact, your interface might do 96k better than 44.1. But that's a quirk of the interface, not any intrinsic superiority of the faster rate.
All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. My Stuff
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don4777
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 22:02:02
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Bitflipper/John, Is it possible that some people are confused because they see the waveforms displayed in their DAW that look like a staircase and think that is what the audio "looks" like? Without understanding that analog audio is filtered and is NOT a staircase. I can see where if they think the audio is a staircase that more stairs could lead to a more accurate representation. I don't think some people understand that the filtering removes the stair steps because those discrete steps (square waves) would be representative of frequencies higher than the Nyquist Frequency. I think you guys would do a better job than I can at explaining it. Perhaps if you guys could explain that it might help. But then again - maybe not. Thanks for trying to stop the spread of misinformation. Don
post edited by don4777 - 2011/04/19 22:03:14
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A1MixMan
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 22:03:00
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Great response Bit, you and the others on this forum are truly a wealth of knowledge. After reading through (most) of the posts in this thread I still find no compelling reason NOT to record at 24/96. It doesn't slow down my computer and I have lots of disk space. And it sounds fantastic as well. Plus I just like saying 24/96...
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bitflipper
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 22:22:20
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Is it possible that some people are confused because they see the waveforms displayed in their DAW that look like a staircase and think that is what the audio "looks" like? That is exactly the problem, and the source of the bogus pixel analogy that won't die.
All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. My Stuff
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don4777
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 22:33:21
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I'll bet they also think that an oscilloscope will show that same staircase if they look at the analog output.
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Bub
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 22:36:20
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A1MixMan Great response Bit, you and the others on this forum are truly a wealth of knowledge. After reading through (most) of the posts in this thread I still find no compelling reason NOT to record at 24/96. It doesn't slow down my computer and I have lots of disk space. And it sounds fantastic as well. +1 ... and I'd like to add that at that rate I see a significant drop in latency. Being a guitar player, that fact alone is priceless to me. If anyone can get their Fast Track Ultra down to 4 ~ 5ms @ 48/44.1/24 on an i5 w/4Gb RAM please let me know. I just got a Sweetwater catalog today and these puppies are on sale ... Focal SM9 Studio Monitor Frequency Range 3-way Mode : 30Hz-40kHz (+/- 3dB) Thanks, Bub.
"I pulled the head off Elvis, filled Fred up to his pelvis, yaba daba do, the King is gone, and so are you."
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 23:26:34
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I agree that one can use what ever sample rate they want. But don't think that a higher rate is going to sound better then a lower one so long as the rate is enough to encompass the needed bandwidth. If it is going onto a CD then I simply don't see any point. One reason people use a 96 kHz sample rate is because they can. Latency is a valid reason to up the sample rate.
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 23:28:34
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Don you could be on to something.
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John
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 23:34:06
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infinite time signals
Are we talking about the entire electromagnetic spectrum? My requirements are a great deal less ambitious.
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StarTekh
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/19 23:45:13
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Hay!! more posts than the Happy Thread ..*.*
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Bub
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 00:40:07
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I just fired up Sound Forge 9.0 and did some testing. I got some interesting results. 1. Created a 1kHz tone and set my monitors to a comfortable volume. 2. I started at 0Hz and worked my way up to 20kHz by increments of 5Hz or more. 3. Audio system: 2-Yamaha HS-80m's connected to an M-Audio Fast Track Ultra. FTU set @ 96kHz 0 ~ 20Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 25Hz ~ 85Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 90Hz ~ 18.5kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 18.5kHz I could hear nothing. Fast Track Ultra set at 44.1kHz 0 ~ 30Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 35 ~ 55Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 60 ~ 15.6kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 15.6kHz I could hear nothing. Interesting results.
"I pulled the head off Elvis, filled Fred up to his pelvis, yaba daba do, the King is gone, and so are you."
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DonaldDuck
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 03:45:48
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sophomoric rabeach UnderTow rabeach It is plausable that sampling above the nyquist could provide a more accurate reconstruction of the signal than that offered by sampling at the nyquist frequency. We do not sample at the Nyquist frequency even at 44.1Khz let alone at the higher sample rates available. You clearly did not understand the post you are responding to. This is plausable because the nyquist theory doesn't offer to provide a perfectly reconstructed signal for the type of signals we are working with. It only has to be perfectly reconstructed within our limited perception. We already do that. Technology evolves and tomorrow all that digital data that is oversampled may have value. To say it canot or does not is rubbish. To say it may or may not is not. Technology may evolve but our hearing isn't about to change in the near future. And as I have pointed out before, we can already sample at many times the needed bandwidth. rabeach, you are clearly out of your depth with this topic. UnderTow This post is sophomoric.
As are many posts and/or users, which is exactly why this place has become lame. It's a wonder if some people ever actually make music since they spend so much time on here bickering.
-Donald The Little DAW That Could: Q6850 (OC to 3.6 GHz) | Win7 Pro 64 | 8 GB DDR2-1200 RAM | Sonar Producer 8.5.3 and X1 | Tascam DM4800 | UA 2192
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UnderTow
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 06:49:11
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rabeach bitflipper maybe it's not me missing the finner points. I have stated that sampling higher than the nyquist rate on audio signals will produce a better reconstructed signal. I have made no claim that it can be heard. I have made no point of argument that one should do so. If you can't hear it it is not audio. That seems to be the main point you have been missing all along. (And it isn't even a very fine point). You also seem to be confusing data with signal. If the data does not convey any information, it is not part of the signal. The same error is made by people that record cymbals (or whatever) and point out that they produce frequencies way beyond 20KHz. A cymbal probably produces frequencies into the Mhz region at some extremely low diminishing level assuming we use equipment sensitive enough in a room quiet enough to record it but the important thing to remember is that those frequencies are not part of the signal because we can not perceive them. (Look up the definition of the word signal). It isn't sound! You keep hammering on the same point but fail to realise we understood your point but have dismissed it because it does not apply to audible sound. You keep posting simple one liners thinking you are being really smart but can't actually back up anything you say with any real explanations. Talk about sophomorical... One more silly one liner post like that and I nominate you for the Dunning-Kruger awards. UnderTow
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UnderTow
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 06:53:08
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don4777 Bitflipper/John, Is it possible that some people are confused because they see the waveforms displayed in their DAW that look like a staircase and think that is what the audio "looks" like? Without understanding that analog audio is filtered and is NOT a staircase. I can see where if they think the audio is a staircase that more stairs could lead to a more accurate representation. I don't think some people understand that the filtering removes the stair steps because those discrete steps (square waves) would be representative of frequencies higher than the Nyquist Frequency. I think you guys would do a better job than I can at explaining it. Perhaps if you guys could explain that it might help. But then again - maybe not. Thanks for trying to stop the spread of misinformation. Don This is indeed often a cause for confusion. Here is a sine wave as shown in Sound Forge: Here is the exact same wave as shown in Audition (which shows a reconstructed wave): What comes out of a DAC will look like the second image, not the first. UnderTow
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The Maillard Reaction
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 09:11:04
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The Maillard Reaction
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 09:13:50
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I use to rely on my gamma ray glasses... but now I just use the plug in.
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DeeringAmps
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 15:31:10
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Bub I just fired up Sound Forge 9.0 and did some testing. I got some interesting results. 1. Created a 1kHz tone and set my monitors to a comfortable volume. 2. I started at 0Hz and worked my way up to 20kHz by increments of 5Hz or more. 3. Audio system: 2-Yamaha HS-80m's connected to an M-Audio Fast Track Ultra. FTU set @ 96kHz 0 ~ 20Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 25Hz ~ 85Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 90Hz ~ 18.5kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 18.5kHz I could hear nothing. Fast Track Ultra set at 44.1kHz 0 ~ 30Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 35 ~ 55Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 60 ~ 15.6kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 15.6kHz I could hear nothing. Interesting results. Interesting that no one wishes to discuss actual results. Guess I would prefer the 44.1 results for the Ultra Fast at least. Tom
Tom Deering Tascam FW-1884 User Resources Page Firewire "Legacy" Tutorial, Service Manual, Schematic, and Service Bulletins Win10x64 StudioCat Pro Studio Coffee Lake 8086k 32gb RAM RME UFX (Audio) Tascam FW-1884 (Control) in Win 10x64 Pro
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UnderTow
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 15:43:47
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DeeringAmps Bub I just fired up Sound Forge 9.0 and did some testing. I got some interesting results. 1. Created a 1kHz tone and set my monitors to a comfortable volume. 2. I started at 0Hz and worked my way up to 20kHz by increments of 5Hz or more. 3. Audio system: 2-Yamaha HS-80m's connected to an M-Audio Fast Track Ultra. FTU set @ 96kHz 0 ~ 20Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 25Hz ~ 85Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 90Hz ~ 18.5kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 18.5kHz I could hear nothing. Fast Track Ultra set at 44.1kHz 0 ~ 30Hz: Woofers vibrated but I could hear or feel nothing. 35 ~ 55Hz: I could feel the bass but couldn't distinguish tones. 60 ~ 15.6kHz: I could distinguish tones but had to raise the volume when I got in the upper kHz range. After 15.6kHz I could hear nothing. Interesting results. Interesting that no one wishes to discuss actual results. No offence to Bub but I do not trust these kind of results. Not that I think that Bub (or anyone else on this forum) isn't being sincere, but I don't think that we humans (me included) can be trusted for this kind of thing unless we set up some very strict testing parameters. UnderTow
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don4777
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Re:44000 Hz vs 48000 Hz - what rate are YOU using?
2011/04/20 15:45:38
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Bub 1. Created a 1kHz tone and set my monitors to a comfortable volume. 2. I started at 0Hz and worked my way up to 20kHz by increments of 5Hz or more. Can you elaborate on the two steps you mentioned? 1. Created a 1kHz tone and set my monitors to a comfortable volume. > Was this a sine wave, square wave, ...? 2. I started at 0Hz and worked my way up to 20kHz by increments of 5Hz or more. > What were you varying from 0Hz to 20kHz? Don
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