Helpful ReplyDo Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why?

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bitflipper
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 14:40:51 (permalink)
Milton
What is puzzling to me is that at lower sample rates (44/48) I get "lower" buffer settings but "higher" latency times. Conversely, at higher sample rates (96/192) I get "higher" buffer settings and "lower" latency. Haven't got my brain around this yet. Can anyone clarify this confusion for me? p.s., This is why 96KHz was the "sweet spot" for my system as I got useable enough low latency and some "wiggle" room to increase my buffer if needed.


Higher sample rates simply fill the buffer faster. At a given buffer size, it takes twice as long to fill it at 44.1KHz than it does at 88.2KHz. Since how long it takes to fill the buffer is the primary factor in determining latency, higher sample rates reduce latency given the same buffer size.
 
However, because your CPU is working twice as hard, you might not be able to realize the potential latency reduction if your computer can't keep up and you're forced to use larger buffers.


All else is in doubt, so this is the truth I cling to. 

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Noel Borthwick [Cakewalk]
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 14:57:11 (permalink)
Another way of wording this is by showing how latency is calculated.
 
At 44100 samples per second:
A 1024 (1K) sample buffer corresponds to 23.21 msec of latency
 
At 88200 samples per second:
The very same buffer size corresponds to 11.61 msec of latency
 
So you can see that doubling the sample rate halved the latency for the same buffer size.

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The Maillard Reaction
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 15:07:08 (permalink)
A second is a second.


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Karyn
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 15:10:38 (permalink)
Noel Borthwick [Cakewalk]
Another way of wording this is by showing how latency is calculated.
 
At 44100 samples per second:
A 1024 (1K) sample buffer corresponds to 23.21 msec of latency
 
At 88200 samples per second:
The very same buffer size corresponds to 11.61 msec of latency
 
So you can see that doubling the sample rate halved the latency for the same buffer size.


It also means that to produce the same output the CPU has to do twice the work,  or the same amount of work in half the time, which brings up the issues of number of plugs, soft synths, etc. but for what gain?  To work at a frequency response that no human can hear.

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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 15:29:59 (permalink)
AT
 
Ear training can indeed allow one to hear small details if they are audible.
 
But the "only with super gear in special room" is nonsense. Different artifacts caused by different things (including listening systems and the listening environment) just do not conveniently line up with each other that way to get masked. 
 
Can't hear an artifact in a given situation (assuming it's real and audible by humans)? Try turning up the volume a little. Or playing a "worst case" signal. Or moving closer to the speaker to reduce the role of the room or environmental noise. Suddenly it's audible with any gear.
 
The stuff that can only ever be heard with special equipment under any conditions always turns out to be imaginary. 
"




Drew, I'm not sure what you're arguing here.  If you are sticking to the sample rate part of the thread, I agree with you.  As stated, I use 44.1 since I can't hear any difference worth the bother.  And I agree if you can only hear a difference in an anechoic chamber wearing a tin-foil hat it probably doesn't have any real-world use, esp. since it likely doesn't exist.  But you are too categoric in your dismissal of gear, room and training as far as the art of music, and as I argued, the psychology, too.  Some days in the studio I hear different things as related to mixing before I touch a knob.  Maybe I need that tinfoil hat? ;-)
 
@
 



I do agree that training can most definitely make a difference.
 
But what I am arguing is that the notion that certain things can ONLY ever be heard with super special gear under perfect conditions is false. Gear and room can make a difference in specific conditions but not every condition. 
 
If you turn up the volume, you can hear details you couldn't hear before, regardless of the gear. If you move closer to the speaker, the room has less of an effect. If you understand how a given artifact occurs, then it's generally not hard to pick a signal that makes it much more audible. Any masking done by a piece of gear doesn't automatically scale and move and jump around to continue to mask an artifact when you start making changes like these.
 
 
Mostly I'm arguing against a notion in audiophool circles that the reason no one else can hear the imaginary nonsense that they hear is because you need to spend $2000 on "more revealing cables" or whatever. The way you worded things just stepped a little too close to that and I don't want people to think that the reason they can't hear something is because they haven't spent enough money on gear - they might not be hearing it because it isn't there. And if it is there, then there are usually ways of testing for it or isolating it to make it more easily audible.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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Milton
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 17:49:35 (permalink)
Whoa! I'm lost now. A bit too technical for me. What I concluded from recording at several sample rates, was that at lower sample rates I got lower buffers (good for adding intensive processing) but high latency (not good for low latency soft synth input recording and large sample libraries). And conversely at higher sample rates, I got higher buffers but lower latency. This puzzled me as I assumed a lower sample rate would also give me a lower latency. So this is what I'm really confused about. Like I've already mentioned, I found that I got a good balance (sweet spot) at 96KHz on my system in terms of a reasonable and workable enough low latency and also a low buffer. Note: my Lynx Aurora Thunderbolt converter's highest buffer setting is 1024. Here's what I achieved; (96KHz = 256 buffer and 3.9 milliseconds latency) (192KHz = 512 buffer and 6.2 milliseconds latency) (44.1 = 128 buffer and 11.2 milliseconds latency). So is this normal or is my computer system not correctly optimized or some other issue that needs to be attended to?  So at 96 I still had 2 buffers left higher to work with, 192 1 buffer, and 44.1 3 buffers to go up to if needed. My system sings at 96KHz. Best advice is from the quote from John T. "Basically, I decided to stop worrying about it and get on with making records."

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#66
Milton
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 18:02:29 (permalink)
Thanks bitflipper "However, because your CPU is working twice as hard, you might not be able to realize the potential latency reduction if your computer can't keep up and you're forced to use larger buffers". This is exactly why I decided NOT to record at 192KHz as I had only one more higher buffer to use and felt it was too risky not knowing ahead of time how much intensive processing (or adding more soft synths and large sample instruments) I was going to use. Your explanation of "Higher sample rates simply fill the buffer faster. At a given buffer size, it takes twice as long to fill it at 44.1KHz than it does at 88.2KHz. Since how long it takes to fill the buffer is the primary factor in determining latency, higher sample rates reduce latency given the same buffer size", helped me understand what I was perplexed about. Thanks.
 

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#67
cclarry
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 18:51:23 (permalink)
Anderton
cclarry
So, no, it's not necessary...this debate has gone on for years...
If you go by the science...NO ...not required....



I don't think there's much debate that theoretically, higher sample rates aren't necessary. But there are so many wild cards. For example, one reason why some people might hear the difference between 192 kHz audio and 44.1 CDs in tests may have nothing to do with the sample rate, but instead be due to the 192 kHz signal being played from a hard drive, which has less jitter than something played back from an optical drive.
 
I couldn't hear a significant difference between 44.1 and 96 kHz until I started doing lots of ITB work with amp sims, virtual instruments, and dynamics processors. But it had nothing to do with human hearing, it was all about technological limitations that caused foldover distortion in the audible range at lower sampling rates.
 
Filtering has always been a consideration too, although filtering technology has improved dramatically since the CD was introduced. So the reason I'm curious is because some people swear they hear a difference with 192 compared to 96. In the case of the Be6 speakers, the response is only up to 40 kHz so in theory, 96 kHz and 192 kHz should have the high frequency components reproduced equally well.
 
The whole debate reminds me of cables. I was in a studio in Chicago and there was a vehement argument going on about whether cables made a difference. It was the old "it's just wire, you moron" vs. "but I can hear a difference." I finally stepped in and asked what the outputs and inputs feeding the cable were...and yes, with a tube amp and a long cable, capacitance can affect pickup tone...but with a high-output synth going into a mixer, "it's just wire."
 
It would be nice to determine once and for all whether people can hear a difference with double-blind testing that goes beyond Meyer-Moran, but it would be even nicer to find out why people hear a difference if there is a technological reason. I'm not ruling out sample rates per se, but I tend to think it might be something that's a byproduct of sample rates.
 
And I STILL think DSD sounds better than CDs...but in the immortal words of Herman Cain, "I don't have facts to back me up."



THIS is definitely true...if you are using Amp Sims, higher sample rates will do wonders...
just as Craig said...as it is the way the signal is process by the software that makes
the difference...and coming directly off the hard drive before Mastering or processing
will matter also....not that the 44.1 isn't sufficient...it is a limitation of the "reprocessing" 
Software that has the impact on the signal being processed...

This is not due to the "recording" sample rate...it's due to the processing of the recorded 
signal BY THE SOFTWARE, and you WILL hear the difference...

This all is due to the way the signal is processed by the MEDIUM (the Software)..and NOT due to the sample
itself...which will be completely fine at 44.1 Khz...

So, in this aspect, higher sample rates WILL matter...and I agree 100%


#68
sharke
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 18:56:45 (permalink)
As an aside, am I right in assuming that if your intention is to slow audio down (time stretch), the end result will sound better for audio recorded at 96kHz than audio recorded at 48kHz? In much the same way as film recorded at a higher frame rate looks smoother when slowed down.

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Anderton
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 20:00:04 (permalink)
sharke
As an aside, am I right in assuming that if your intention is to slow audio down (time stretch), the end result will sound better for audio recorded at 96kHz than audio recorded at 48kHz? In much the same way as film recorded at a higher frame rate looks smoother when slowed down.



That's a really interesting question for which I have no answer.
 

The first 3 books in "The Musician's Guide to Home Recording" series are available from Hal Leonard and http://www.reverb.com. Listen to my music on http://www.YouTube.com/thecraiganderton, and visit http://www.craiganderton.com. Thanks!
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davidt64
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 20:01:22 (permalink)
I would record 24/96 but when I load sonarx3 it causes my interface to click back and forth between 48kHz and 96kHz I have to close the file. And I don’t know what’s causing that. I’m using Windows 8.1 and Focusrite Pro 40 interface.
in Pro Tools no problem
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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 20:10:18 (permalink)
sharke
As an aside, am I right in assuming that if your intention is to slow audio down (time stretch), the end result will sound better for audio recorded at 96kHz than audio recorded at 48kHz? In much the same way as film recorded at a higher frame rate looks smoother when slowed down.



Only if the audio you want to slow down contains frequencies > 24kHz before you slow it down. Unlike frames of film, the entire part of the waveform between the existing samples is already stored in the samples. 
 
EDIT: I should add that if you are using a less precise/lower quality algorithm for transposing then you can indeed get better results starting from a higher sample rate, all things being equal.
 
 
I don't recommend thinking about digital sampling in terms of film, photography, video, printers or anything like that because those sorts of analogies tend to be tenuous at best.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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The Maillard Reaction
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 21:23:01 (permalink)
Anderton
sharke
As an aside, am I right in assuming that if your intention is to slow audio down (time stretch), the end result will sound better for audio recorded at 96kHz than audio recorded at 48kHz? In much the same way as film recorded at a higher frame rate looks smoother when slowed down.



That's a really interesting question for which I have no answer.
 


 
 
http://forum.cakewalk.com...sampling-m3121307.aspx
 


#73
The Maillard Reaction
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 21:23:02 (permalink)
What he said ^


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sharke
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 21:44:04 (permalink)
Here's an interesting article relating to the question I asked, with some audio examples:
 
http://www.musicofsound.c...-use-high-sample-rates

James
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Anderton
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 22:44:28 (permalink)
That makes sense. If you slow down by basically extending a sample to fill a space where no sample existed, if it didn't have to be extended as far it seems that would increase the potential for great fidelity. Ditto if you did sample skipping to transpose, like the old E-Mu gear.

The first 3 books in "The Musician's Guide to Home Recording" series are available from Hal Leonard and http://www.reverb.com. Listen to my music on http://www.YouTube.com/thecraiganderton, and visit http://www.craiganderton.com. Thanks!
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The Maillard Reaction
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/24 23:17:18 (permalink)
It seems like a time stretch system could use oversampling when it's time to time stretch.
 
Just saying.


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deswind
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 00:06:50 (permalink)
I am confused as to why a higher sample rate does not provide higher resolution?  If I take 12 samples per second.  It will sound very grainy and choppy, like looking at a very slow fan.  At one point does that graininess and choppiness go away?  
So it would seem that if computers were powerful enough and the rate of samples was extremely high, that there would be a higher resolution.
Meanwhile, I like 88.2 or 96K.  It does not impact my computer much, and provides lower latency.  But I have to admit, I have not tried 386 or something higher. 
It is hard to believe that humankind will go on for a million more years and that the sample rates will not go up.
 
 
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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 00:24:23 (permalink)
deswind
I am confused as to why a higher sample rate does not provide higher resolution?  If I take 12 samples per second.  It will sound very grainy and choppy, like looking at a very slow fan.  At one point does that graininess and choppiness go away?  
So it would seem that if computers were powerful enough and the rate of samples was extremely high, that there would be a higher resolution.
Meanwhile, I like 88.2 or 96K.  It does not impact my computer much, and provides lower latency.  But I have to admit, I have not tried 386 or something higher. 
It is hard to believe that humankind will go on for a million more years and that the sample rates will not go up.
 
 




The crux of the sampling theorem is that if you filter out all of the frequencies greater than one half the sampling rate, ALL of the remaining data is preserved. This includes everything between the samples. You can't get higher resolution because ALL of the data is already there.
 
The problem is that the way that this works is not intuitive and involves a fair amount of math.
 
Or to put it another way, Nyquist and Shannon wouldn't have gotten a theorem named after them if everyone could just imagine how it works in their head.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 00:28:50 (permalink)
mike_mccue
It seems like a time stretch system could use oversampling when it's time to time stretch.
 
Just saying.


Yes indeed.


But if the authors of the time stretching algorithm didn't bother to do this (for whatever reason), it does make sense to either run the process at a higher sampling rate or else use a different time stretching algorithm that already does what it should.

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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KyRo
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 02:19:57 (permalink)
drewfx1
But for processing, it is most definitely beneficial to do certain types of operations at higher rates. In a perfect world, all plugins that benefited from this would upsample internally where desirable, and many do indeed do exactly this.
 
But there are some synths and FX that some people use that really should upsample internally but don't. So if one of those plugs is being used, running Sonar at higher sampling rates can provide real benefits.


Can you please elaborate a bit more on this, namely the benefits?
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ston
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 07:20:14 (permalink)
deswind
I am confused as to why a higher sample rate does not provide higher resolution?  If I take 12 samples per second.  It will sound very grainy and choppy, like looking at a very slow fan.  At one point does that graininess and choppiness go away?



Higher sample rates do provide higher resolution, but if that higher resolution is beyond the upper frequency humans can hear, then what's the point?  The choppiness goes away, or rather there is no choppiness (i.e. when the signal is reconstructed through the DAC) for all frequencies which are less than half the sampling frequency.
 
So..."Do you record at higher than 44.1KHz, and if so, why?" :-)
 
I could record at 28KHz these days...
#82
The Maillard Reaction
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 08:43:24 (permalink)
drewfx1
mike_mccue
It seems like a time stretch system could use oversampling when it's time to time stretch.
 
Just saying.


Yes indeed.


But if the authors of the time stretching algorithm didn't bother to do this (for whatever reason), it does make sense to either run the process at a higher sampling rate or else use a different time stretching algorithm that already does what it should.




I've been wondering how I would learn if the time stretch processes that I know of use oversampling behind the scenes.
 
I've read comments about higher sampling rates and time stretch before and thought perhaps it might be the most compelling reason to run at higher rates. I'm not concerned about making fireworks sound like whale songs, but it would be nice to be able to make small timing tweaks to a hammer dulcimer* part and get better results than I sometimes get with the tools I have been using at 44.1kHz. It made me wonder if behind the scenes oversampling was already making it a best case scenario or if I could improve my work flow to improve the sound.
 
I asked the question yesterday but there have been no responses.
 
http://forum.cakewalk.com...sampling-m3121307.aspx
 
 
 
*fixed
post edited by mike_mccue - 2014/11/25 09:00:41


#83
Sacalait
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 10:16:05 (permalink)
Well John it sounds like you must be knowledgeable bro so I'll take your word for it.  I'm no geek, I'm a musician.  However, for whatever reason, I've found that doing destructive editing at lower sample rates sometimes left some nasty artifacts that I rarely encounter nowadays.  As disk space is cheap it makes sense to use higher sampling rates- even if it just makes ya feel good!  ...and yeah man I can't record at both 44 and 48 at the same time.  I meant one or the other.  ...my bad! 

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#84
lawp
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 10:28:51 (permalink)
here ya go:

(from http://cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/n351/notes09/MM01-Analog-digital.html via google)
what i know is that if i have 100 audio tracks to mix, i will get a better mix with higher resolution :)
and whether craig meant it or not, it really is in the maths - if not then why, for example, bother with the 64bit mix engine?

sstteerreeoo ffllllaanngge
#85
John
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 11:40:06 (permalink)
lawp
here ya go:

(from http://cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/n351/notes09/MM01-Analog-digital.html via google)
what i know is that if i have 100 audio tracks to mix, i will get a better mix with higher resolution :)
and whether craig meant it or not, it really is in the maths - if not then why, for example, bother with the 64bit mix engine?


There is a good reason to use either the 32 bit FP or the 64 bit FP audio engine for processing. With them the artifacts that results from processing are placed in the very lowest area of the signal because you have near infinite levels practically speaking. 32 or 64 bit FP audio bit depth has nothing to do with sample rate. The real advantage with those bit depths is floating point not so much the bit count. One reason its very hard to clip FP audio inside Sonar.   
 
This thread is about sample rate not bit depth. 
 
What people forget about music and sound is most of the sound is in the low to mid range not way up near 20 kH .
 
Most of the energy used to produce sound resides in the lowest part of the spectrum not in the mid or upper reaches. Any casual look at a spectrum analyzer with show this as volume level. It usually has a distinct downward slope going toward the highs. What we need to look at for fidelity is how well we can reproduce those frequencies that have the most importance in the performance. Clear transparent highs give us the feeling of air and space. However, look at the spectrum of an MP3, it will have a cutoff at around 15 kH. I know that I can't tell whether something is a high bit rate MP3 or a 24 bit wav file, normally.
 
    
 
 

Best
John
#86
drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 12:07:22 (permalink)
lawp
and whether craig meant it or not, it really is in the maths - if not then why, for example, bother with the 64bit mix engine?




Because people who don't really understand the math can be easily convinced that a bigger number automatically gives better results even when it doesn't. 

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 12:10:10 (permalink)
lawp
here ya go:

(from http://cs.iupui.edu/~aharris/n351/notes09/MM01-Analog-digital.html via google)

 
That link is written by someone who has absolutely no clue about how sampling works.


post edited by drewfx1 - 2014/11/25 12:23:28

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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drewfx1
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 12:32:25 (permalink)
dimelives1
drewfx1
But for processing, it is most definitely beneficial to do certain types of operations at higher rates. In a perfect world, all plugins that benefited from this would upsample internally where desirable, and many do indeed do exactly this.
 
But there are some synths and FX that some people use that really should upsample internally but don't. So if one of those plugs is being used, running Sonar at higher sampling rates can provide real benefits.


Can you please elaborate a bit more on this, namely the benefits?




Craig (Anderton) had a long thread a while back on this (that got similarly sidetracked like this one!) after he found that some synths/effects sounded better when run at a higher rate.
 
Basically some, but not all, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) benefits from being done at higher sampling rates. Anything that produces overtones higher than one half the sampling rate will alias and sound somewhere between "ugly" and "less smooth" at a lower rate. 
 
So if a synth or effect that would benefit from this doesn't oversample internally (as many of us would argue it should), then running Sonar at a higher rate can improve things. In my case, everything I use that would benefit from oversampling happens to already do so internally, so there's no benefit to me. 
 
I would suspect that older stuff - written when CPU power was less abundant - would be more likely to not oversample internally. 

 In order, then, to discover the limit of deepest tones, it is necessary not only to produce very violent agitations in the air but to give these the form of simple pendular vibrations. - Hermann von Helmholtz, predicting the role of the electric bassist in 1877.
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Re: Do Your Record at Higher than 96 kHz and if so, Why? 2014/11/25 12:57:21 (permalink)
Already this thread is rehashing epic threads of old so I checked the OP again to be sure, which echoes the thread title of greater than 96kHz. Much of my opinion is already in this thread, and I would never even consider this for the following reasons:
  1. Unless effects, synths, etc. are scripted to process the data (the software/process comments made above), nothing can be gained from feeding it more. Most do not disclose what they process internally anyway, so I personally doubt many (if any at all) are written to process >96kHz.
  2. The system resources consumed can get out of hand quickly, especially chaining processes which can process every sample.
  3. What is to be gained from such? The core frequencies (and even harmonics in most cases) are <11kHz for most instruments, with pianos and synths being a notable exception. The human ear responds best to ~3KHz, and even a piccolo's fundamentals straddle this (http://www.independentrecording.net/irn/resources/freqchart/main_display.htm). An interesting game is to high pass something at 10K and listen/play with just that region (sort of eye-opening actually).
  4. The ultrasonic discussion has validity to some extent, and cells can respond to higher frequencies provided enough power is delivered (as this is done in a medical application, but with very specific equipment); however, 1) I do not believe programs are designed to process such frequencies in the first place, and 2) speakers capable of playing such (at the proper power) are required.
 

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