Possible reason:
If you are recording to a track and this happens, check to see if that track has multiple take lanes. It’s quite possible that one of those has the recorded take and that take lane may be muted.
I had exactly the issue described a few times and each time determined the above to be the pattern. It started when I manually edited some take lanes and combined various clips by moving them across take lanes (not a standard user approach perhaps).
Later when I wanted a duplicate of that track I unchecked the clips copy and was surprised to watch my new recordings “disappear”. Upon inspecting the take lanes I saw my recordings there.
A fix for cakewalk could be to avoid copying empty take lanes when you duplicate the track. I’m not saying this is definitely the cause, but it only started happening when I followed the steps above, and stopped happening when I removed empty take lanes before doing a duplicate of the track.
HTH