mettelus
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 19:00:39
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To be clear, John's point was "file on disk," not processing/rendering operations. I think I may have muddied the waters here, sorry.
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jb101
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 19:20:36
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John "This is probably a good place to ask this question. I did my first-ever sampling last weekend, and ended up using Audition to do the task. I recorded them 44.1KHz mono (drums), but Audition defaulted to a 32-bit float on saves so I just used that. Is that 32-bit buying anything at all, or just wasting space on me?" For recording yes its wasting space. Keep in mind that your converters are incapable of recording anything above 24 bits. So the file that was created is 24 bits plus a lot of padding. This adds nothing useful to the recording at all. Now for processing it a very different story. However, I am of the opinion that the file on disk doesn't need to be greater than 24 bits even after processing. I am sure I am alone in this view.
I'm not sure which ordinal number we're up to, John, but I am one of the few/many (delete where applicable), that are with you on that.
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Vab
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 20:14:51
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I thought Id ask this on this thread.
My preferences are set to 96 khz and 24 bit, but all my projects only show 96 / 16.
I don't know why the 24 bit isn't working.
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Danny Danzi
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 20:20:20
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Vab, in Sonar...check out "audio data" in preferences. See if that's set to 16 bit. If it is, change it to 24 bit or if you want, 32 bit float. If you make changes there and Sonar is STILL reading 16 bit, your sound card may need to be set from the card software. We have to change our Echo cards in that manner on this end or it won't show as 24 bit (we use 24/48 here) in Sonar. Hope this helps. -Danny
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mettelus
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 20:21:39
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SONAR will align itself to your audio interface, I believe. Is your audio interface at 24?
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scook
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 20:24:36
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My money is with Danny on this one, it is the "Record Bit Depth" in the Preferences > File > Audio Data "File bit depths" section.
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Vab
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/16 20:33:41
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I'll check into that tomorrow.
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 05:59:56
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John Goddard; I agree that he has a style that is not paper quality. I also have a problem with people talking about science in the way he does. I know he is addressing the public. However, I have been saying much the same thing for many years now. I did as you suggest and read the bit depth article and again I am in total agreement. What he says is the way I understand both sample rate and bit depth. I shall put it to you to clearly state where and what he is saying is wrong. Please give citations and where your objections are coming from.
John, first off, as you might be aware (and Noel certainly should be) the question of recording at sample rates >44.1/48kHz (and at bit depths >16) is hardly new and has been discussed (and debated) for many years already, at least ever since it became feasible and the DVD Video spec supported higher rate/depth LPCM audio. See e.g. this article on (the then newfangled) 24/96 recording: http://web.archive.org/we...8E706886256688000FBE08 and (of course) the ensuing online debate: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/cakewalk.audio/sKdF8ZHvlJc/jLbRbsNd75QJ As hardware and software and computers advanced to the point where even higher (i.e. "quad) sampling rate recording became feasible (and SACD and DVD-A fizzled onto the scene), the discussions and debates were recast around the higher rates/bit-depths. For people concerned with latency, one attraction of recording/playing at higher sampling rates was that some audio interfaces exhibited significantly reduced latency (i.e., shorter filter "group delay") when operated at "double" rate. But to be sure, there were certainly valid "downside" concerns wrt recording at higher sampling rates, such as higher system and disk i/o loading (now no longer of as much concern given today's vastly more powerful systems) or more quickly bumping up against Windows' 2GB WAV file size limit (now no longer a concern thanks to WAVE-64). On top of that, everyone still heard differently, and still had a different opinion about what they (and everyone else) could/couldn't hear. Plenty of marketing hype always flying around too, just confusing and obscuring things even more. Oh the questions and indecision... Along the way Dan Lavry put out a paper in which he attempted to dispel certain "myths" regarding higher-than-Nyqist frequency sampling rates, subsequently cited as definitive gospel by many (Lavry has since come out with a follow-up addressing more "myths"). In his papers, Lavry, whose company's converters go no higher than 96k, asserted that higher sampling rates were deleterious to audio quality, although his arguments on that point lacked any actual proof (imo) and the limitations he pointed to were really not (at least, no longer) valid for many commercially available audio converter chips (except perhaps less expensive and older ones, or at the possible loss of a slower filtering option in some converter ICs when operating at quad rate), while at the same time downplaying or omitting some advantages (such as simpler/more effective filtering) of higher rates. Anyway, point being, the topic of sampling rates has already been and continues to be discussed and opined upon in various contexts in various on/offline nooks and crannies, even apart from that "facetious scientist" blogging a so-called "science of..." rehashed article of other's work on it, e.g. http://www.stereophile.com/reference/104law/index.html http://mixonline.com/recording/mixing/audio_emperors_new_sampling/ http://www.gearslutz.com/board/music-computers/659500-digital-audio-sampling-rates.html http://www.gearslutz.com/board/remote-possibilities-acoustic-music-location-recording/834281-recording-16-44-1-more-resolution.html#post9001744 http://www.computeraudiophile.com/f6-dac-digital-analog-conversion/oversampling-who-does-it-best-6088/ Now turning to the subject "Science of Sampling Rates", let's consider this portion: But be careful of designers who go for super-sonic sampling rates and set their filters too high. If you include too much super-sonic information in the signal it becomes likely that you will introduce super-high frequency “intermodulation distortion” on playback. It turns out that in many cases, we can hear the sound of higher sample rates not because they are more transparent, but because they are less so. They can actually introduce unintended distortion in the audible spectrum, and this is something that can be heard in listening tests. More on that later. ... In any case, by increasing rates from 44.1kHz to anywhere up to about 96kHz, you might not get incredible increases in sound quality — but with all other things being equal, it shouldn’t hurt. Once you go past that however, you introduce the possibility of not just using too much power, but of introducing unintended distortion. Yes, there is a point where you can have too high a data rate. Some would argue that point is closer to 96kHz, but almost any computer scientist or circuit designer today will tell you that you’ve definitely reached that point by 192 kHz. ... Since analog circuits are almost never linear at super-high frequencies, they can and will introduce a special type of distortion called intermodulation distortion.
which I call bogus, mis-info and pseudo-science. Yes, Lavry in his articles intimated about a possible risk of ultrasonic IM distortion and a loss of accuracy, but offered no actual evidence of such (nor afaik has anyone else definitively, including the xiph article which the blogger cited). And the spiel about non-linearity of analog circuits (as if quantization were itself ever "linear"?) introducing IM distortion just plain misses the that the sampling frequencies only exist in the digital domain (as do the Sigma-Delta/Delta-Sigma converters' MHz modulator sampling frequencies), and that with effective filtering at the ADC and DAC (which is simpler to accomplish digitally and can be more effective at higher rates) a properly operating audio DAC converting "double" or "quad" rate PCM audio still only outputs audio passband frequencies at its analog output just like it does when converting good old 44.1k "single" rate PCM audio. Ok, maybe if one's studio has an ultrasonic intrusion alarm and a microphone that picks up ultrasound, then perhaps one should avoid recording at higher sampling rates, but otherwise... Or have I somehow missed all the accounts of howling dogs, nasty audio artifacts and fried tweeters in studios using high rate audio? Bah, hogwash. With all respect to Dan Lavry, his papers have raised the occasional question, as well as su****ion of an underlying commercial agenda. Questions like, if 44.1/48kHz are sufficient, then why even bother to offer double-rate-capable converters? Or. if 88.2/96kHz are ok because they're close enough to your suggested as perhaps more optimal 50~60~70kHz rate while actually being widely supported and adopted rates, then how exactly are 176.4/192kHz not ok in any respect differently from (as in, any "cons" thereof not applicable to) 88.2/96kHz (other than that your company's converter offerings don't happen to support quad-rate)? Maybe I missed the overwhelming evidence to which the facetious scientist referred? But sorry, that blogger deserves no respect. Now, if the blogger had mentioned how a sampling rate of 44.1kHz had originally been adopted... (hint: think videotape, not CD)
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 08:11:45
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John T
Goddard Sigh... wotta buncha hooey. Facetious scientist indeed. Surprise! ADCs actually sample at frequencies in the MHz even if they only output PCM streams at 44.1/48kHz. And DACs oversample 44.1kHz audio streams (in MHz) too! That's not ultrasonic, it's radio frequency (and relates to why the use of a CD player is prohibited at times on airliners). Not to worry though, decimation and lowpass (and often highpass) filtering fortunately keeps the out-of-band nasties from getting through (at least, its supposed to if things are designed and working properly). Another surprise: the cheapo onboard 'high definition audio" codec chip inside the typical PC/Mac can handle 192kHz digital audio (such as one might find as a primary audio stream on a Bluray disc) just fine (by design).
None of that seems to address anything in the article. I'm not sure what point you're making here.
My "Surprise!" statement was in response to what that blogger wrote here (about super-high frequency IM): But be careful of designers who go for super-sonic sampling rates and set their filters too high. If you include too much super-sonic information in the signal it becomes likely that you will introduce super-high frequency “intermodulation distortion” on playback.
(Lavry's papers do refer to such high converter "modulator" sampling frequencies but I suspect the facestious scientist has no idea how converters actually operate) And my "Another surprise" above was in reply to what the blogger wrote here: Now in 2013, the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop can have better specs and real sound quality than most professional converters from a generation ago, not to mention a cassette deck or a consumer turntable. There’s always room for improvement, but the question now is where and how much?
(last time I looked inside a Macbook (several years ago), it used a 192kHz-capable Realtek chip in its "Intel HDA" componentry, but I suspect the facetious scientist really has no clue of what "the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop" is actually capable)
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 08:34:09
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John "This is probably a good place to ask this question. I did my first-ever sampling last weekend, and ended up using Audition to do the task. I recorded them 44.1KHz mono (drums), but Audition defaulted to a 32-bit float on saves so I just used that. Is that 32-bit buying anything at all, or just wasting space on me?" For recording yes its wasting space. Keep in mind that your converters are incapable of recording anything above 24 bits. So the file that was created is 24 bits plus a lot of padding. This adds nothing useful to the recording at all. Now for processing it a very different story. However, I am of the opinion that the file on disk doesn't need to be greater than 24 bits even after processing. I am sure I am alone in this view.
No, the 32-bit floating-point file data saved by Audition isn't padded, it's just being represented in floating-point format (and using all of those 32 bits for its data) rather than in the fixed-point/integer 24-bit format as was output by the ADC. If it were being saved as 32-bit integer data instead, then yes, it would include padding. Perhaps Noel (if he's still around) would care to confirm whether/when Sonar converts to integer format for disk storage (as WAV files iirc).
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John
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 08:45:09
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Goddard
John "This is probably a good place to ask this question. I did my first-ever sampling last weekend, and ended up using Audition to do the task. I recorded them 44.1KHz mono (drums), but Audition defaulted to a 32-bit float on saves so I just used that. Is that 32-bit buying anything at all, or just wasting space on me?" For recording yes its wasting space. Keep in mind that your converters are incapable of recording anything above 24 bits. So the file that was created is 24 bits plus a lot of padding. This adds nothing useful to the recording at all. Now for processing it a very different story. However, I am of the opinion that the file on disk doesn't need to be greater than 24 bits even after processing. I am sure I am alone in this view.
No, the 32-bit floating-point file data saved by Audition isn't padded, it's just being represented in floating-point format (and using all of those 32 bits for its data) rather than in the fixed-point/integer 24-bit format as was output by the ADC. If it were being saved as 32-bit integer data instead, then yes, it would include padding. Perhaps Noel (if he's still around) would care to confirm whether/when Sonar converts to integer format for disk storage (as WAV files iirc).
Where is the audio that is filling those extra bits coming from? My understanding is that floating point will reduce rounding errors if the file has been processed and with a 32 bit FP audio engine used. Otherwise it will be exactly what the converter created.
post edited by John - 2014/01/17 08:54:29
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mettelus
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 10:31:25
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The kicker is when recording in Audition 4.0 (from CS 5.5), I can choose up to 32 bit FP... but then in the save dialog the "sample type" is limited to 32 bit FP, but the "Format Settings" (same dialog box) goes up to 64 bit FP. If the processing is limited to 32 bit FP, I do not understand what would be saved in a 64 bit FP file. It is about impossible to find information on this from Adobe's website.
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 10:36:48
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Goddard My "Surprise!" statement was in response to what that blogger wrote here (about super-high frequency IM):
But be careful of designers who go for super-sonic sampling rates and set their filters too high. If you include too much super-sonic information in the signal it becomes likely that you will introduce super-high frequency “intermodulation distortion” on playback.
(Lavry's papers do refer to such high converter "modulator" sampling frequencies but I suspect the facestious scientist has no idea how converters actually operate)
So if I'm reading you right, you seem to concede that he at least is reporting the information he has correctly, but because you suspect his knowledge doesn't extend to point X, you're dismissing him. But not because you think he's wrong. That's kind of odd. Goddard And my "Another surprise" above was in reply to what the blogger wrote here:
Now in 2013, the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop can have better specs and real sound quality than most professional converters from a generation ago, not to mention a cassette deck or a consumer turntable. There’s always room for improvement, but the question now is where and how much?
(last time I looked inside a Macbook (several years ago), it used a 192kHz-capable Realtek chip in its "Intel HDA" componentry, but I suspect the facetious scientist really has no clue of what "the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop" is actually capable)
Same thing, really. His point stands regardless. He's talking about it being better than tape decks or turntables even operating at fairly low rates. That's correct. You're dismissing him because he doesn't seem aware that it can run at higher rates. That's a gap in his knowledge, sure, but not one that undermines his point.
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 10:49:10
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John
Goddard
John "This is probably a good place to ask this question. I did my first-ever sampling last weekend, and ended up using Audition to do the task. I recorded them 44.1KHz mono (drums), but Audition defaulted to a 32-bit float on saves so I just used that. Is that 32-bit buying anything at all, or just wasting space on me?" For recording yes its wasting space. Keep in mind that your converters are incapable of recording anything above 24 bits. So the file that was created is 24 bits plus a lot of padding. This adds nothing useful to the recording at all. Now for processing it a very different story. However, I am of the opinion that the file on disk doesn't need to be greater than 24 bits even after processing. I am sure I am alone in this view.
No, the 32-bit floating-point file data saved by Audition isn't padded, it's just being represented in floating-point format (and using all of those 32 bits for its data) rather than in the fixed-point/integer 24-bit format as was output by the ADC. If it were being saved as 32-bit integer data instead, then yes, it would include padding. Perhaps Noel (if he's still around) would care to confirm whether/when Sonar converts to integer format for disk storage (as WAV files iirc).
Where is the audio that is filling those extra bits coming from? My understanding is that floating point will reduce rounding errors if the file has been processed and with a 32 bit FP audio engine used. Otherwise it will be exactly what the converter created.
Your understanding is incorrect/incomplete: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format
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musicroom
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 10:57:47
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Helpful article - especially for my needs which is just a basic understanding. For now, recording at 24bit/48k as my default. However, I'm thinking of going back to what I used for years - 41k
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:13:53
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Goddard
John Where is the audio that is filling those extra bits coming from? My understanding is that floating point will reduce rounding errors if the file has been processed and with a 32 bit FP audio engine used. Otherwise it will be exactly what the converter created.
Your understanding is incorrect/incomplete: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format
Care to point out in what way?
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musicroom
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:17:47
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John, I don't think you will find satisfaction here unless a circular argument is your cup of tea. It's really not worth the trouble to argue with some guys.
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:25:42
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Well, I'm not actually arguing, or at least not at the moment. I'm just finding Goddard strangely elliptical and a bit unconvincing. He certainly doesn't seem interested in explaining or discussing anything, but he does seem awfully keen for us all to think he's really clever. I'm trying to give him the opportunity to impress us.
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:26:18
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John T
Goddard My "Surprise!" statement was in response to what that blogger wrote here (about super-high frequency IM):
But be careful of designers who go for super-sonic sampling rates and set their filters too high. If you include too much super-sonic information in the signal it becomes likely that you will introduce super-high frequency “intermodulation distortion” on playback.
(Lavry's papers do refer to such high converter "modulator" sampling frequencies but I suspect the facestious scientist has no idea how converters actually operate)
So if I'm reading you right, you seem to concede that he at least is reporting the information he has correctly, but because you suspect his knowledge doesn't extend to point X, you're dismissing him. But not because you think he's wrong. That's kind of odd.
You've misunderstood. A converter is actually sampling its input at a far higher frequency (in the MHz "low radio frequency" band) than "ultrasonic". Yet remarkably, no reports yet of heterodyning artifacts showing up in recorded digital audio. And "super-sonic" usually refers to the speed of sound (or an NBA team), not sampling frequency. Btw, 44.1kHz is "ultrasonic" territory too. If a converter's anti-aliasing LPF isn't designed or working properly, well then... Fido will inform. John T
Goddard And my "Another surprise" above was in reply to what the blogger wrote here:
Now in 2013, the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop can have better specs and real sound quality than most professional converters from a generation ago, not to mention a cassette deck or a consumer turntable. There’s always room for improvement, but the question now is where and how much?
(last time I looked inside a Macbook (several years ago), it used a 192kHz-capable Realtek chip in its "Intel HDA" componentry, but I suspect the facetious scientist really has no clue of what "the 16/44.1 converter of a Mac laptop" is actually capable)
Same thing, really. His point stands regardless. He's talking about it being better than tape decks or turntables even operating at fairly low rates. That's correct. You're dismissing him because he doesn't seem aware that it can run at higher rates. That's a gap in his knowledge, sure, but not one that undermines his point.
No, he's saying a current laptop's converter is better (at CD audio sampling rate and bit-depth) than earlier generation pro converters, without grasping that the very same laptop about which he's talking is, thanks to its cheap little codec chip, well and truly capable of handling multi-channel 24-bit/192kHz digital audio (e.g. when playing a Bluray disc) without suffering any of the "problems" to which he later points for justifying not sampling at 192kHz. If there's a gap in his knowledge (and there appear to be many) it's that he can't recognize that the example he posits (the capability of that laptop's measly little codec chip's converter) actually disproves a lot of the baloney he later foists as being problematic of 192k sampling.
post edited by Goddard - 2014/01/17 11:34:21
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:29:28
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Sampling and playback are not the same, and don't exhibit the same problems. That the mac can playback 192khz audio has nothing to do, for good or ill, with what he discusses in the article.
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John
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:33:50
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Goddard
John
Goddard
John "This is probably a good place to ask this question. I did my first-ever sampling last weekend, and ended up using Audition to do the task. I recorded them 44.1KHz mono (drums), but Audition defaulted to a 32-bit float on saves so I just used that. Is that 32-bit buying anything at all, or just wasting space on me?" For recording yes its wasting space. Keep in mind that your converters are incapable of recording anything above 24 bits. So the file that was created is 24 bits plus a lot of padding. This adds nothing useful to the recording at all. Now for processing it a very different story. However, I am of the opinion that the file on disk doesn't need to be greater than 24 bits even after processing. I am sure I am alone in this view.
No, the 32-bit floating-point file data saved by Audition isn't padded, it's just being represented in floating-point format (and using all of those 32 bits for its data) rather than in the fixed-point/integer 24-bit format as was output by the ADC. If it were being saved as 32-bit integer data instead, then yes, it would include padding. Perhaps Noel (if he's still around) would care to confirm whether/when Sonar converts to integer format for disk storage (as WAV files iirc).
Where is the audio that is filling those extra bits coming from? My understanding is that floating point will reduce rounding errors if the file has been processed and with a 32 bit FP audio engine used. Otherwise it will be exactly what the converter created.
Your understanding is incorrect/incomplete: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-precision_floating-point_format
Sorry I'm not following you. If the recorded data/audio is only 24 bits how can converting it into 32 bits add further data? It will not become audio with any more detail or precision. It is limited to the 24 bits that the A/D converter produced. If it is processed it is possible that the resulting audio will have greater precision due to an internal 32 bit FP audio engine but it will be inaudible. It really should be similar to recording at 16 bits and then converting the 16 bit file to 24 bits. You gain nothing except a patted file with the original 16 and a bunch of zeros filling out the rest of the file. Its like having a container that you fill up. No interpolation occurs simply because the file is bigger.
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:36:03
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Goddard You've misunderstood. A converter is actually sampling its input at a far higher frequency (in the MHz "low radio frequency" band) than "ultrasonic".
This is flat out wrong. You're conflating the device's means of operation with its function. A converter is sampling its input at its functioning sample rate. There's all kinds of jiggery pokery going on with how it does that, some of which yer man touches on in his article.
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:38:20
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It seems strange, when complaining that an article isn't rigorous enough, to counter it with hand-wavy misinformation. I'm not sure this is adding very much to general understanding of the topic.
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dubdisciple
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:41:24
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is "douchey" a word? If not,it should be.
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dubdisciple
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:42:07
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Anyway, this thread has left me more confused then when i started it.
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John
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:43:02
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John T
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:44:10
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dubdisciple Anyway, this thread has left me more confused then when i started it.
That's what's annoying me about it. I dislike obscurantism. And I dislike incorrectness wrapped in obscurantism even more.
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dubdisciple
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:52:48
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Goddard initially comes off as perhaps having useful info but it quickly degraded into Skip Bayless like contrarianism. I think I'm going to stick with some of the earlier summations that for the most part 44 or 48 is just fine for most things until I have enough headache meds to sort though what kernels of truth may lie in the rest of the "I'm smarter than you all" babble.
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Goddard
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:55:16
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John
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Re: The science of sample rates
2014/01/17 11:59:13
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musicroom John, I don't think you will find satisfaction here unless a circular argument is your cup of tea. It's really not worth the trouble to argue with some guys.
Wise words. And i think I will take your thoughtful advice and not engage in this further.
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